Childhood Viral Diseases

Question 1

Measles Virus

Answer 1

Family: Paramyxovirus
Genome: (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
Proteins: Polymerase, phoshoprotein, hemagglutinin, fusion, matrix, nucleocapsid
Disease: Infection via aerosolized droplets, incubation period 10-14 days
Symptoms: 2-3 days of fever and cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (on buccal mucosa)
Prevention: Live attenuated vaccine

Question 2

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Answer 2

Family: Paramyxovirus
Genome: (-) ssRNA
Enveloped
Proteins: Polymerase, glycoprotein, fusion protein, matrix, phosphoprotein, nucleocapsid, NS1, and NS2
Disease: infection via inhalation of aerosol fomites, incubation period is 4-5 days and virus is limited to respiratory tract
Prevention: None

Question 3

Varicella Zoster Virus

Answer 3

Family: Alphaherpesvirus
Genome: dsDNA (large)
Enveloped
Has many proteins
Disease: Infection through inhalation, incubation 10-21 days
Symptoms: Fever, malaise, headache, rash (on scalp, face, and trunk), can cause latent infections leading to shingles later on
Prevention: Live attenuated virus gives lifelong immunity, antivirals (Acyclovir- interferes with genome replication)

Question 4

Poliovirus

Answer 4

Family: Picornavirus
Genome: (+) ssRNA
Non-enveloped
Proteins: capsid, VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, proteases, polymerase
Disease: Infection by ingestion of material containing virus, replication occurs in Peyer’s Patches of small intestine
-causes mild disease and fecal shedding for 6 weeks and 1:200 cases leads to CNS involvement where the virus replicates in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. It can cause limb paralysis from anterior horn cell damage, and respiratory paralysis from damage to medulla oblongata
Prevention: Vaccination (two available)
- salk: killed virus
- sabin: live attenuated

Question 5

Rotavirus

Answer 5

Family: Reoviridae
Genome: dsRNA (11 segments)
Non-enveloped
Proteins: VP1 - polymerase, VP2 - RNA binding, VP3 - transferase, VP4 - attachment and fusion
Disease: Infection by ingestion of material containing the virus, incubation for 2 days
Symptoms: vomiting and fever, followed by diarrhea 2-3 days later and lasting 3-8 days
Prevention: Vaccination (Rotateq, Rotarix), hand washing

Question 6

Mumps

Answer 6

Family: paramyxovirus
Virus: Mumps virus
Genome: (-) ssRNA
Enveloped

Question 7

German Measles

Answer 7

Family: Togavirus
Virus: Rubella

Question 8

Fifth Diseas

Answer 8

Family: Parvovirus
Virus: Parvovirus B19

Question 9

Roseola

Answer 9

Family: Betaherpesvirus
Virus: Human herpesvirus 6