Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders Flashcards
RESILIENCY
Protective factors that increase resiliency are?
Adapt to change/adversity
Protective against depression and anxiety.
- Rely on inner strength.
- Use healthy coping strategies.
- Function amid strong emotions.
- Reach out for help/support.
- Form nurturing relationships with other adults when
parent is unavailable
What increases resiliency– FAMILY and SELF
- Family cohesion & absence of discord
- Support from significant others.
- Positive relationship with at least one parent
- Family support to help with environmental stressors.
- Positive early family experiences with development
of social competence.
Positive self-image
* Academic achievement
* Positive peer relationships
* Temperament
PLAY THERAPY
- Appropriate for younger children
- The “language” of children;
- Vehicle for change, expression of feelings, trust,
relationship building - Rooted in psychodynamic therapy
- A creative and dynamic process that cannot be
standardized - Therapist is in role of trusted participant –not
aberrant perpetrator.
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
Emotional or behavioral reaction within 3 months of exposure to stressor (For example
Loss/death of loved one)
* Distress affects ability to function.
* Reaction is out of proportion to stressor severity.
* Symptoms end by 6 months.
* Anxiety
* Depression
* Mixed
* Regressive behaviors in children
* Fearful or acting out behavior
* Requires support, understanding and encouragement.
* Active listening, therapeutic communication skills
* Assist in increasing coping skills.
PTSD
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REACTIVE ATTACHMENT
DISORDER
DSM V CRITERIA
A. Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior to adult caregivers, manifested
by:
* Child rarely or minimally seeks or responds to comfort when distressed.
B. Persistent social or emotional disturbance characterized by at least two of following:
* Minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others
* Limited positive affect
* Episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness evident even during
nonthreatening interactions with adult caregivers.
C. Experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care aeb at least one of the following:
* Social neglect or deprivation: persistent lack of basic emotional needs for comfort, stimulation,
and affection met by caring adults
* Repeated changes of primary caregivers that limit opportunities to form stable attachments
(e.G., Frequent changes in foster care)
* Rearing in unusual settings that severely limit opportunities to form selective attachments
(e.G., Institutions)
TIC DISORDERS
3 types of Tic disorders :
Tourette’s disorder
Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder-more than one year
Provisional tic disorder-less than 1 year
Treating tic disorders
Behavioral techniques
Relaxation Strategies
Medications: antipsychotics, clonidine, klonopin, fluoxetine
and sertraline
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
INTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER
Deficits in
Intellectual functioning
Social functioning
Daily functioning
* Cognitive & social stimulation can increase levels of functioning if
begun before 5years
* Motivational support largely determines adult productivity and
independence.
* Early identification and intervention increases quality of life.
AUTISM DISORDER
Deficits in social interactions and relationships
Appears in early childhood
- Stereotypical repetitive speech and/or behaviors
- Obsessive focus on specific objects (fixed interest)
- Over adherence to routines or rituals
- Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input
- Extreme resistance to change
ADHD
- Persistent pattern of inattention, hyperactivity,
and impulsiveness that is pervasive and
inappropriate for developmental level. In at least 2
settings: causing work, social, or educational
difficulties for at least 6 months before age 12. - THREE TYPES:
- HYPERACTIVITY-IMPULSIVITY TYPE
- INATTENTIVE TYPE
- COMBINED TYPE
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT
DISORDER
- Negative, hostile, defiant, vindictive
- Pattern of irritable and angry mood.
- Swearing
- Mood lability (angry outbursts)
- Low frustration tolerance (can’t tolerate being told no
- Interpersonal conflicts (argumentativeness, disobedience, tendency to blame
others) They don’t think of themselves as angry or oppositional. - Stubbornness; resistance to directions; unwillingness to negotiate with adults;
test limits; ignore rules; verbally aggressive; hostile.
CONDUCT DISORDER
Onset: late childhood early adolescence
* Guarded prognosis
* Pyromania and kleptomania
* Persistent violation of basic rights of
others or major age-appropriate rules
or norms
* Unmanageable at home
* Argumentative, irritable, angry, defiant,
negative, hostile
* Lacks empathy; does not feel guilty
* Only express remorse, at “being caught”
* Risk taking behaviors
* Cruelty to animals
* Aggressive behavior toward people /
animals
* Disruptive in community
* Destruction of property
INTERMITTENT
EXPLOSIVE
DISORDER
Inability to control aggressive impulses
* Mean age of onset is 13-21 years old
* Leads to problems with
* Interpersonal relationships
* Occupational difficulties
* Criminal difficulties
