Childhood DO Flashcards
Formerly called mental retardation. Significantly subaverage intellectual function
(IQ <70), as measured by a variety of IQ tests.
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (ID)
Additional considerations in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (ID) Dx
Must be accompanied by concurrent impairment in adapting to demands of school, work, social, and other environments. Onset is age <18.
Prevalence of ID
: 1% of the population. Occurs at a 1.2:1 male-to-female ratio
What IQ level?
Attain academic skills to approximately the sixth-grade level, often live independently in the community or with minimal supervision, may have problems with impulse control and self-esteem, and may have associated conduct disorder, substance-related disorder, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Mild ID (IQ 50–69)
What IQ level?
Attain academic skills to second-grade level, may be able to manage activities of daily living, work in sheltered workshops, live in residential community settings; have significant problems conforming to social norms
Moderate ID (IQ 35–50):
What IQ level?
Have little or no speech and very limited
abilities to manage self-care; require highly supervised care setting
Severe (IQ 20–35) and profound ID (IQ <20):
Differential Diagnosis for ID
Includes learning and communication disorders, sensory impairment,
autism spectrum disorder, borderline intellectual functioning (IQ 70–100), and environmental
deprivation
Characterized by learning achievement in specific areas that is substantially below
expectations, given the patient’s age, intelligence, sensory abilities, and educational experience.
LEARNING DISORDERS
Types of learning disorder are
1
2
3
reading disorder (most common), mathematics disorder, and disorder of written expression
Some general medical
conditions and substance-induced conditions are associated with learning disorders, including
lead poisoning and fetal alcohol syndrome.
A group of disorders characterized by problems with social interaction, behavior,
and language.
ASD
T or F
Sites of CNS damage specifically associated with ASD are unknown.
General medical conditions associated with ASD include 1 2 3
encephalitis, maternal rubella, PKU, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X syndrome, and perinatal anoxia.
ASD
- Prevalence: _______
- Onset: _______
0.08% of the general population. Occurs at a 5:1 male-to-female ratio.
Before 3 years of age
ASD
- Communication symptoms: _____
- Behavioral symptoms: ______
Absent or bizarre use of speech
Odd preoccupation with repetitive activities, bizarre mannerisms, and rigid adherence to purposeless ritual
ASD
Physical findings: _____
Higher incidence of abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs), seizures,
and abnormal brain morphology
ASD
Course: _______
Approximately 30% of individuals with ASD become semi-independent in
adulthood, but almost all have severe residual disabilities
ASD
Predictors of a poor outcome are____
associated ID and failure to develop useful speech
Commonly associated with ASD
Self-injuries caused by head banging or biting sometimes present
ASD
Major TX
The major treatment is family counseling, special education, and newer antipsychotic
medications to control episodes of severe agitation or self-destructive behavior.
______characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere
with social or academic function. Symptoms last for at least 6 months, and onset occurs
before age 12.
ADHD
ADHD Etiology
No specific etiologies have been identified. Other CNS pathology and disadvantaged family and school situations are sometimes present
ADHD Prevalence
5% of school-age children and 2.5% of adults. Male-to-female ratio is 2:1 in children
and 1.6:1 in adults.
Family history of pts with ADHD
ADHD, mood and anxiety disorders, substance-related disorders, and antisocial
personality disorder
