Childhood Disorders Flashcards
Childhood Disorders
-incidence = 15 to 20%
-need to know what is normal developmentally before determining if behavior is abnormal
-distinguish between a disorder vs. developmental lag
-internalizing vs. externalizing behaviors
Internalizing Disorders
-feeding disorders (pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder)
-tic disorders (Tourette’s disorder, chronic or transient motor or vocal tic disorder)
-elimination disorder (enuresis and encopresis)
-reactive attachment disorder
-selective mutism
-depressive disorders (2 to 5% of elementary age children, 10% males to 25% females of teenagers with the use of adult diagnosis)
Internalizing Disorders: Anxiety Disorders
-separation anxiety disorder
-social anxiety disorder
-generalized anxiety disorder
-phobias
-OCD
-PTSD
Externalizing Disorders (ADHD, ODD, Conduct Disorder)
all more common in males
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
-arguing, blaming, defiance, oppositional attitude
-often associated with problems in family with ODD, ADHD, substance use or antisocial PD
Conduct Disorder
-severe rule or law violations (vandalism, physical fighting, persistent lying, theft, bullying)
-associated problems are learning disabilities, mood disorders, substance use
-associated family problems are harsh discipline, lack of parental supervision
DSM-5 of ADHD
*a persistent pattern of inattention and or hyperactivity impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development by:
1. Inattention: 6 or more have persisted for at least 6 months to where the individual is negatively impacted on social and academic activities:
a. fails to give close attention and careless mistakes in schoolwork
b. difficulty sustaining attention
c. does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
d. does not follow through on instruction and fails to finish schoolwork, chores or duties in the workplace
e. difficulty organizing tasks and activities
f. avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
g. loses things necessary for tasks or activities
h. is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
i. often forgetful in daily activities
2. Hyperactivity and impulsivity: 6 or more have persisted for at least 6 months to where the individual is negatively impacted on social and academic activities:
a. fidgets with or taps in seat
b. leaves seat in situations when seated is necessary
c. runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate
d. unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
e. often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”
f. talks excessively
g. often blurts out an answer before question is completed
h. difficulty waiting their turn
i. interrupts or intrudes on others
B. Several symptoms present prior to age 12
C. Several symptoms present in two or more settings
D. Clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with or reduce quality of social, academic, occupational functioning
E. Symptoms are not present during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another diagnosis
Prevalence of ADHD
-5% prevalence rate globally
-male to female ratio (3:1)
-comorbid disorders are depression, ODD, conduct disorder, mood disorders, substance use
-learning disabilities are very common
ADHD: Executive Function
current research focusing on impairment in executive function such as working memory, behavioral inhibition, attention control, organization skills, motivation, sense of time
Etiology of ADHD
psychostimulant medications act on dopamine and reduce symptoms (improves control) in 75% of patients
Stimulant Medication of ADHD
-ritaline (methylphenidate)
-concerta
-adderall
-focalin
-vyvanse
-jornay PM
-adhansia
What is the non-stimulant medication for ADHD?
Strattera (neuroepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and intuniv (high blood pressure medicine)
Treatment of ADHD
*always pair behavioral treatments with medication
-behavior modification and parent training reduce social problems and comorbid disorder
