Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

1. Describe the rate of growth that would considered normal from 2- puberty.

Answer 1

Weight 2-3kg a year

Height 5-8 cm per year

Question 2

1. Regarding a growth chart, how would you expect to see the trajectory of growth to develop for a child?

Answer 2

generally maintain height and weight in the same growth channel during preschool and childhood years, weight that crosses growth channels is suggestive of obesity or under nutrition (appetite will slow after first birthday)

Question 3

1. In calorie deficiency, which do you expect to see effected first, weight or height?

Answer 3

weight will decrease before height is effected; catch up growth can be expected quickly for weight and more slowly for height

Question 4

2. What are nutrient concerns for childhood?

Answer 4

*** most common: iron (heme- more bioavailable- iron in meats, or non-heme in nuts, beans, veggies and fortified grains)
calcium (milk or calcium enriched substitutes), excess milk can interfere with iron absorption

Vitamin D (dairy fortified)

Zinc (meat, seafood, fortified breakfast cereal and dairy products

Question 5

2. Contrast time scale for iron deficiency and anemia.

Answer 5

iron deficiency develops soon after inadequate Fe intake but anemia develops more slowly

Question 6

3. What are risk factors for vitamin deficiency

Answer 6

income/food access
vegetarian diet
preterm/LBW
eating processed, nutrient poor foods

Question 7

4. Describe characteristics of effective, high quality feeding interactions for children.

Answer 7

parents should give children healthy options and allow children to chose which and how much of those choices, children are effected by the food choices their family makes and control or “bad” food characterization can backfire for parents

Question 8

5. List BMI percentile definitions for overweight, obesity in children and adolescents

Answer 8

95th percentile obesity

Question 9

6. What are vitamins and minerals of concern for adolescents?

Answer 9

iron, Calcium and folic acid increases

Question 10

6. Discuss potential areas of improvement to help typical adolescent achieve healthy weight and quality nutrition.

Answer 10

eat breakfast,
encourage fiber and vegetables, limit sugary drinks
sufficient protein and low fat dairy are important

Question 11

7. Discuss risk factors for developing an eating disorder.

Answer 11

common in those that participate in activities that promote thinness- dancing, gymnastics, wrestling

associated with other mental health conditions

question about body image, attitudes toward food, patterns of restriction and excessive exercise

Question 12

8. Outline potential nutritional concerns of adolescent athletes.

Answer 12

optimal performance depends on a balanced diet

carbs are good source of energy
small increases in protein may be helpful
drinking plenty of water before and after exercising

matched an increased appetite leads to adequate calories and nutrients