Childhood

Question 1

what 3 features does Cunningham argue about a child centred society? (MODERN CHILDHOOD)

Answer 1

• childhood = opposite to adulthood
• social worlds are physically and symbolically separated
• children have certain rights

Question 2

What does Palmer argue is Toxic Childhood?

MODERN CHILDHOOD

Answer 2

• the rapid technological and cultural changes in the past 25 years have ruined children physically,emotionally and intellectually

Question 3

what is Pester Power?

MODERN CHILDHOOD

Answer 3

is the ability for children to persuade their parent to buy them things that they may have for example seen on the TV

Question 4

What does Pugh argue about parental spending?

MODERN CHILDHOOD

Answer 4

Parental spending is a result of guilt for not spending enough time with their children thus to reduce and compensate it they buy them things

Question 5

what does Postman argue about the disappearance of childhood?
(MODERN CHILDHOOD)

Answer 5

• childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed
• children have same rights as adults
• children committing adult crimes
• similarity now in adult and children clothing

Question 6

What is the Dionysian image of the child?

MODERN CHILDHOOD

Answer 6

children naturally pursue their own pleasures and that is why they require strict control

Question 7

what is the Apollonian image of the child?

MODERN CHILDHOOD

Answer 7

children are naturally innocent but this side should be coaxed out from them sympathetically

Question 8

What does Gatrell argue parents see their relationship with kids are?(MODERN CHILDHOOD)

Answer 8

many parents see relationship with their child as more important than their relationship with their partner

Question 9

What is general consensus of childhood as age ?

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 9

0-12 years old

Question 10

What does Stephen Wagg argue about the social construction of childhood?
(SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD)

Answer 10

Wagg argues that childhood is socially constructed. What members of particular societies at particular times and places say it is.

Question 11

What did Punch find in rural Bolivia with the 5 year olds?

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHILDHOOD

Answer 11

Once you are 5 you take on responsibility in the home as well as working

Question 12

What did Malinowski find on his study of the Trobriand Island?
(SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHILDHOOD)

Answer 12

Children were seen as capable of doing what adults do. Encourage sexual relations

Question 13

Aries notion of childhood seen through painting and photographs?
(SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD)

Answer 13

found children were seen as mini adults, they dressed the same, had same rights, went to work, had same duties.

Parental attitudes were also different as children tended to die so the name of perhaps the first child that died they’d give it to the next one

Question 14

Evaluation of Aries findings?

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 14

limited as its not a true representation of all class’. certain class’ couldn’t afford paintings.

Question 15

Shorter’s finding on the modern family?

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 15

mothers in the 17th and 18th century showed little interests in bonding with their child, left them to cry and handled them in a rough manner

Question 16

Why did attitudes change in the 18th century towards children?
(SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD)

Answer 16

• compulsory education
• children clothing
• parenting books

Question 17

What does Rousseau argue?

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CHILDHOOD

Answer 17

Children are born good and could become reasoning adults if you socialise them properly

Question 18

What does Hillman argue about the gender difference?

CHILDHOOD AND POWER RELATIONS

Answer 18

Boys are more likely to be allowed to go out late after dark unaccompanied

Question 19

Forms of control-

Answer 19

CHILDREN’S SPACE: Children are not allowed in certain areas

ACCESS TO RESOURCES: Limited opportunities to earn money thus are dependant on adults

CHILDREN’S TIME: bed time, dinner time n controls the speed the child grows , decides whether a child is too Young or old to do something

Question 20

What does Gittins argue?

Answer 20

Age patriarchy : the man is the head but both adults control the children

Question 21

What did Katz find about Sudanese children?

Answer 21

rural Sudanese children roam freely both within the village and several kilometres outside it

Question 22

What does Rompaey and Roe argue about ‘living together but separately’

Answer 22

children stay in their rooms

Question 23

What does Livingstone argue about the screen rich bedroom culture?

Answer 23

technology= focus on their life

Question 24

What does Jenks argue about the relation between the parent and their child?

Answer 24

Adults care about their child. they are fearful over their security and dangers like child abuse

Question 25

Eval of Jenks

Answer 25

Jenks overgeralises not all children are in the same position

Question 26

What does Hillman say?

Answer 26

Boys are more likely to be allowed to cross or cycle on roads and go out after dark unaccompanied

Question 27

What does Bonke say?

Answer 27

found that girls do more domestic labour especially in lone parent families where they do 5x more than boys