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Lifespan Development > Childhood > Flashcards

Childhood Flashcards

0
Q

Gross motor skills

A
  • More sophisticated
  • coloring, painting, tying shoes
  • boys more advanced
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1
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Girls more advanced than boys

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2
Q

Overall motor skills

A
  • Center of gravity shifts and kids become more balanced
  • nutrition important
  • independence requiring physical movement
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3
Q

Piaget’s Pre-Operational Thinking

A
  • Assimilation and Accomodation continue
  • Egocentrism
  • Centration
  • Animism
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4
Q

Egocentrism

A
  • Self-centered thinking
  • Emotional fluctuation
  • Lots of physical activity
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5
Q

Centration

A
  • Only able to think about one thing at a time

- information and orders needed one thing at a time

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6
Q

Animism

A

Everything is alive, has personality, and can take responsibility

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7
Q

Habituation vs Dishabituation

A
  • when sensory information receives additional cognitive processing
  • continues throughout life
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8
Q

Habituation

A

The more you have something, the less it stimulates and causes boredom (not good)

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9
Q

Dishabituation

A

Delivering the stimulus in different ways to get a different response

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10
Q

Operant Conditioning

A
  • B.F. Skinner
  • behaviors are affected by consequences
  • consequences must match the behavior
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11
Q

Imitation

A

Older children learn by observing parents, peers, tv characters, etc.

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12
Q

Initiative vs. Guilt

A
  • goal:purpose

- caregivers, peers, and teachers important

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13
Q

Early childhood memory

A
  • remember past events with cues

- autobiographical memory because egocentric thought

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14
Q

Types of Play

A
  • Solitary
  • Onlooker
  • Parallel
  • Cooperative
  • Sociodramatic
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15
Q

Solitary Play

A
  • Playing by themselves

- Legos, dolls, action figures

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16
Q

Onlooker Play

A
  • Observing other children play
  • Learn how to play correctly
  • enjoy it but living vicariously
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17
Q

Parallel Play

A

Kids playing in similar space but not interacting

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18
Q

Cooperative Play

A

Kids playing together and interacting and communicating

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19
Q

Sociodramatic Play

A
  • Playing WITH others
  • role-play
  • more leads to interactiveness and intelligence as they age
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20
Q

Gender differences in play

A
  • Girls: more verbal communication

- Boys: more physically active

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21
Q

Imaginary Friends

A
  • 65% of kids have an imaginary friend
  • Occurs more often among only children
  • Tend to be more creative than kids without an imaginary friend
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22
Q

The Immediate Family

A
  • All connected
  • All events have impact on all members
  • Bound by rules, roles, and traditions
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23
Q

Who ‘created’ parenting styles

A

Diana Baumrind

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24
Q

4 Parenting Styles

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • indulgent-permissive
  • indifferent-uninvolved
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25
Q

Authoritarian

A
  • Low Care
  • High control
  • “my way or the highway”
  • produces anxiety, indecisiveness, and desire to control environment
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26
Q

Authoritative

A
  • high care

- high control

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27
Q

Indulgent-Permissive

A
  • high care
  • low control
  • inconsistent
  • little structure creating high anxiety
  • difficulty in school
  • indulge in risky behavior
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28
Q

Indifferent-Uninvolved

A
  • low care
  • low control
  • kid is raising themselves
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29
Q

Quality Time vs Quantity Time

A
  • Takes both for most positive outcomes

- Needed from both parents

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30
Q

Gender

A
  • State of being

- psychological

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31
Q

Sex

A

Biological and anatomical

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32
Q

Gender Identity

A
  • Identifying with Regard to individuality as male or female

- Determined by age 3

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33
Q

Gender Constancy

A

Understanding that you are constantly the gender you’re assigned

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34
Q

Gender socialization

A

Groups socialize boys and girls into a gender role

Ex: boys don’t cry, only girls play with dolls

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35
Q

Gender Parenting

A

Boys and girls are raised differently in respects to

  • descriptions
  • expectations
  • toys
  • physical interaction
  • activities
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36
Q

Androgyny

A
  • Gender neutral
  • Neutral roles
  • unable to determine if they are male or female
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37
Q

Gender dysphoria

A
  • Gender confusion
  • identifying with the opposite gender
  • may lead to transgender
38
Q

Transgender

A

Feels trapped in original body

39
Q

Physical attributes from kindergarten to 5th grade

A
  • Growth slows

- Girls catch up and get a growth spurt

40
Q

Nutrition k-5

A
  • Obesity increased because of decrease of physical activity in schools
  • healthier lunches at school but maybe not at home
41
Q

Average age for menstrating

A

10-12 because of stress and processed foods

42
Q

Recall

A

Memory that’s triggered by remembering an event

43
Q

Rehearsal

A

Strategy to help recall

44
Q

Conservation

A
  • Liquids in different sized glasses

- despite change in containers physical properties, liquid is the same amount

45
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

I can’t -> I can with help -> I can do it myself

-we need mentors, teachers, and peers

46
Q

Founded idea of zone of proximal development

A

Lev Vygotsky

47
Q

Apprenticeship

A

Dual relationship of teaching among peers

48
Q

Over imitation

A

Teacher has to explain and over exaggerate

49
Q

Scaffolding

A

Boosting enough to get to next level

50
Q

Vygotskian classrooms

A
  • Small teams

- Creativity

51
Q

Private speech

A

Talking yourself through something

52
Q

Mind like a computer

A

We have sensory registry, short term, and long term memory

53
Q

Meta cognition

A

Thinking about and evaluating our own thinking

54
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A

Goal: method and competence

Teachers and peers important

55
Q

Self Concept

A
  • List of attributes and descriptions of the self

- I am…

56
Q

Self Esteem

A
  • How you score your self concept
  • evaluating self from comparisons and the judgement of others
  • we assign ourselves a score
57
Q

Self Efficacy

A

Believe that the self has the ability to do something

58
Q

Self Control

A

Ability to control self-expression and the degree you reward/punish the self

59
Q

Friend groups often based on

A

Gender

60
Q

Kids with good friends

A
  • high self esteem
  • less likely to be alone or depressed
  • likely to engage in pro social behavior
  • greater feeling of self worth as adults
61
Q

Crowd

A

Group of people with similar interests, involvement, and activities

62
Q

Cliques

A
  • a group inside the crowd
  • 3 to 12 members
  • more socialized and have structure than the crowd
  • start in kindergarten
63
Q

Pros of Cliques

A

Intimacy and vulnerability

64
Q

Cons of cliques

A

Exclusivity and bullying because others don’t meet their standards

65
Q

Dominance Hierarchy

A
  • Leaders and followers as early as first grade

- once a status is achieved, it rarely changes

66
Q

Peer Statuses

A
  • Popular
  • Controversial
  • Rejected
  • Average
  • Neglected
67
Q

Popular

A
  • not always having tons of friends
  • not negative
  • everyone has a general level of like and wants to be friend with them
68
Q

Controversial

A
  • popular but people don’t like them

- you’re friends with them because you feel like you have to be

69
Q

Rejected

A
  • All the other kids push them away

- they know they’re rejected

70
Q

Average

A
  • have friends but not everyone likes them

- good close friend group

71
Q

Neglected

A
  • Existence not noticed
  • often shy and keeps to self
  • low-confidence
72
Q

How to get out of your peer group structure

A
  • changing schools
  • do something awesome or horrific
  • someone in a different status befriends you
73
Q

Boy leaders

A

Strength and dominant personality

74
Q

Girl leaders

A

Exhibit verbal skill whether building or destroying

75
Q

%age of girls grades 3-6 wgo have bad feelings about their bodies

A

80%

76
Q

%age of boys grades 3-6 who report anxiety about their builds

A

50%

77
Q

Boys belief about body image

A

Muscles or girth in their chest is more important that intelligence, compassion, or emotional well-being

78
Q

Eating disorders rising between this age group

A

10-12

79
Q

Causes of poor body image

A
  • Girls likely to imitate mothers who believe they have weight issues
  • kids told what to believe through media and other people
  • guys are called wimpy or gay if they aren’t muscular
80
Q

Worst time for a kid to go through divorced

A

K-10th grade

81
Q

Negative effects of kids in divorce

A
  • poor self esteem
  • abuse
  • drop out of school from poor performance
82
Q

Death vs Divorce

A

Divorce is more psychologically destructive because kids often feel responsible

83
Q

How long does it take a kid to heal from a divorce?

A
  • 2-4 years

- most remarriages occur before proper healing

84
Q

Single mothers after divorce

A

Women often get the kids and the financial situation plummets without the father

85
Q

Mothers affection during divorce

A

Less affectionate during the first months

86
Q

Behavior of children after divorce

A

Often uncontrollable

87
Q

2 years after divorce

A

Mothers are more affectionate and better able to discipline

88
Q

6 months after divorce

A

Mothers and daughters are closer but mothers and son have a lot of conflict

89
Q

What’s is absolutely necessary for a healthy divorce

A

Parental cooperation and joint custody

90
Q

Blended families

A

Fast growing and cannot be treated like biological families

91
Q

Disciplining as a step-patent

A

Must co-parent in disciplining at first

92
Q

How many divorce people remarry

A

2/3

Lifespan Development (1 decks)

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