childhood

Question 1

pilcher

Answer 1

an important characteristic of childhood in the modern world is separateness. childhood is a separate, distinct stage of life from adulthood

Question 2

benedict

Answer 2

argues that children in non-industrialised societies are treated differently than their modern western counterparts

Question 3

in what 3 ways are children in non-industrial societies treated differently

Answer 3

1. they are expected to take on responsibility at a young age
2. less value is placed on showing obedience to authority
3. attitudes to sexual behaviour is different

Question 4

punch

Answer 4

found in bolivia at the age of 5, children are expected to take on work responsibilities in the home and the village

Question 5

firth

Answer 5

in the western pacific, children’s obedience is a concession that is granted by the child, it is not to be expected by the adult

Question 6

malinowski

Answer 6

found that in the western pacific adults took an attitude of tolerance and amused interest towards childrens sexual explorations

Question 6

malinowski

Answer 6

found that in the western pacific adults took an attitude of tolerance and amused interest towards childrens sexual explorations

Question 7

aries

Answer 7

argues that in the middle ages childhood did not exist. children entered wider society on the same terms as an adults. he uses artwork from the period as evidence. which depicts children wearing the same clothes as adults and working. he argues that the ‘modern cult of childhood’ begun to emerge from the 13th century onwards through schools, clothes and books on childrearing

Question 8

shorter

Answer 8

the high death rates encouraged indifference and neglect towards infants

Question 9

pollack

Answer 9

argues that it would be more accurate for aries to say that childhood in the middle ages was different than that of today

Question 10

what are 7 reasons for the changes in position of children?

Answer 10

1. laws restricting child labour
2. compulsory schooling
3. child protection legislation
4. the growth of children’s rights
5. declining family size and lower infant mortality
6. child development and medical knowledge
7. laws and policies that apply to children only

Question 11

postman

Answer 11

‘childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed’ due to the fall of printed media which created an ‘information hierarchy’ and the rise of television culture which requires no specialist skills to acquire, meaning children have access to ‘adult matters’ and thus the innocence of childhood is gone

Question 12

opie

Answer 12

argues that a separate child’s culture has continued to exist over many years

Question 13

jenks

Answer 13

argues that childhood is changing. due to relationships being unstable in postmodern society, parents are more concerned with their children and keeping them safe. this strengthens the view of children being vulnerable and in need of protection

Question 14

palmer

Answer 14

argues that children today experience a toxic childhood due to rapid technological and cultural changes

Question 15

holt and firestone

Answer 15

argue that things such as protection from paid work is just another form of oppression and control against children, forcing them to be dependent on their parents

Question 16

gittins

Answer 16

the age patriarchy. it refers to the power and control that adults have over children

Question 17

smart

Answer 17

argues that the new sociology of childhood aims to include the views and experiences of children

Question 18

mason and tipper

Answer 18

found that children have their own definitions of who is family