Childhood

Question 1

Wagg

Answer 1

Childhood is socially constructed

Question 2

Cultural differences in childhood

Answer 2

-Samantha Punch 2001 study- Bolivia found that at the age of 5 they are expected to take on work responsibilities
-1/10 girls experience sexual violence

Question 3

Historical differences in childhood

Answer 3

-Aries- ‘little adults’ who took on the responsibilities as soon as they were physically able to
-Shorter- high death rate encouraged neglect

Question 4

Criticisms of Aries

Answer 4

-Wilson- Ethnocentric data
-Pollack- Limited and highly selective resources

Question 5

Margo et al 2006

Answer 5

Richer parents can afford to purchase things like dance and music lessons which can then develop their children’s personal and social development

Question 6

Nelson

Answer 6

Identifies Helicopter parents who hover around their children constructing detailed schedules for their children

Question 7

Sharpe and Oakley

Answer 7

Boys and girls are socialized into a set of behaviours based on cultural expectations

Question 8

Causes of child centredness

Answer 8

-Smaller families
1870-5, 2020-1.7
-Time
19th century- 70-80 hours
Today- 43 hours
-Compulsory education
Education act 1918

Question 9

The March of Progress view

Answer 9

-Children are no longer seen but not heard as in Victorian times

Question 10

Social policies regarding children

Answer 10

1.NHS today oversees children’s health
2.Compulsory education 4-18
3.1991 child support act- protects children’s welfare

Question 11

Legal controls over children

Answer 11

-Driving a car (17)
-Voting (18)
-Getting married (16 with parental consent or 18 without)

Question 12

Age patriarchy

Answer 12

Diana Gittins (1998)
To describe inequalities between adults and children

Question 13

Cunningham

Answer 13

The home habitat of 8 year olds has shrunk to 1/9 of the size it was 25 years earlier

Question 14

Womack

Answer 14

Britain’s children are the unhappiest in the west

Question 15

Child abuse

Answer 15

2011 report from the NSPCC Child Abuse and Neglect in the UK today found that 1/5 children had been severely maltreated during childhood

Question 16

Sibling abuse

Answer 16

30% teenagers complained of being called nasty names by brothers or sisters

Question 17

Is childhood disappearing?

Answer 17

Postman- distinction between adulthood and childhood is disappearing
-A BBC news report survey of 11-16 year olds found that they were most concerned with terrorism and climate change

Question 18

Cunningham (2005)

Answer 18

Parental authority has been undermined by children having money from pocket money
-7 year old got £9.89

Question 19

Silva

Answer 19

The role of parents may be diminishing as adults and older children lead increasingly separate lives

Question 20

Margo

Answer 20

Sexualisation of childhood
-The average age for sex fell from 20 for men and 21 for women (1950s) to 16 for both (2021)

Question 21

Smart et al

Answer 21

Study of divorce found that far from being passive victims, children were actively involved in trying to make the situation better for everyone