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Exam 1 (Spring) > Child with Musculoskeletal Condition > Flashcards

Child with Musculoskeletal Condition Flashcards

0
Q

Children’s bones have a lower ____ content & greater ____ increasing their bone strength.

A
  1. Mineral

2. Porosity

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1
Q

4 things making pediatric skeletal system different from an adult’s:

A
  1. Bones aren’t completely ossified
  2. Epiphyses are present
  3. Thicker periosteum
  4. Callus produces quicker
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2
Q

Bone overgrowth is common in healing fracture of children under 1.__, due to the presence of 2.__ and 3.__.

A
  1. 10
  2. Epiphysis
  3. Hyperemia
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3
Q

The general curvature of a newborn’s spine is a _ shape from the thoracic to pelvic level

A

C

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4
Q

Observing muscle tone:

A

Assess symmetry of movement
The strength and contour of the body and extremities

Test by having child push away the examiner’s hand with his/her foot

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5
Q

Neuro exam:

A

Assess reflexes, sensory, and note presence/absence of spasms

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6
Q

Bone scans are helpful in identifying:

A

Septic arthritis and tumors

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7
Q

Ultrasound, in relationship to the skeleton is used for ruling out:

A

Foreign bodies, joint effusions and developmental dysplasia

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8
Q

Contusion

A

Tearing of sub-q tissue resulting in hemorrhage, edema, and pain

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9
Q

Treating soft tissue injuries:

A

Apply a cold pack and elastic wrap to reduce swelling, bleeding, and relieve pain
Apply at alternating 30-minute intervals

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10
Q

Spiral femur fracture in a child may indicate:

A

Abuse

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11
Q

Bryant’s traction:

A

For treating femur fractures in children under 2 or under 20-30 lbs
Legs are suspended vertically

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12
Q

When is traction used?

A

When the cast cannot maintain alignment of the two bone fragments

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13
Q

Russel traction

A

Similar to Buck’s

Sling is positioned under the knee suspending the distal thigh above the bed

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14
Q

Checklist for a traction apparatus:

A 
Weights hanging freely 
Weights out of reach of the child 
Ropes on the pulleys 
Knots not resting against pulleys 
Bed linens not on traction ropes 
Counter traction in place 
Apparatus does not touch foot of bed
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15
Q

Neuro vascular check for tissue perfusion performed on toes or fingers distal to the injury includes:

A 
Peripheral pulse rate and quality 
Color
Capillary refill time
Warmth 
Movement and sensation
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16
Q

Checklist for patient in traction:

A

Body in alignment
HOB no higher than 20*
Heels of feet elevated from bed
ROM of unaffected limbs check at regular intervals
Anti embolism stocking in place as ordered
Neuro vascular checks performed regularly
Skin integrity monitored regularly
Pain and it’s relief by medication recorded
Measures to prevent constipation
Use of trapeze for change of position encouraged

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17
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Progressive loss of tissue perfusion caused by an increase in pressure caused by edema or swelling that presses on vessels and tissues
Circulation is compromised

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18
Q

Checking for nerve damage in a humeral fracture:

A

Check for sensation over the sprain of the index finger

Can damage the radial nerve

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19
Q

Checking motor function in humeral fracture:

A

Ask patient to hyperextended the thumb

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20
Q

Checking for sensory function in radial fracture:

A

Can damage medial and radial nerve

Check for sensation on the palmar surface of the fingers and the thumb half if the palm

21
Q

Checking motor function of radial fracture

A

Ask patient to touch thumb to tip of the pinky

22
Q

Checking sensation in ulnar fracture

A

Check on border of hand from little finger to ring finger

Can damage the ulnar nerve

23
Q

Checking motor function of an ulnar fracture

A

Ask the patient to abduct, or spread, his or her fingers

24
Q

Checking sensation of femoral fracture

A

Check over top of foot between the 1st and 2nd toes

Can damage the peroneal nerve

25
Q

Checking motor function for femoral fracture

A

Ask patient to dorsiflex the foot, pointing his or her toes towards the head

26
Q

Checking for sensation of fibular fracture

A

Lack of sensation between 1st and 2nd toes on top of the foot of inability to dorsiflex the foot is a sign of peroneal nerve damage

27
Q

Checking for sensory damage in tibial fracture

A

Ask patient of medial side of the sole of his foot feels warm
Can damage tibial nerve

28
Q

Checking motor function in tibial fracture

A

Ask patient to plantarflex the foot, pointing toes down

29
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of the bone

Generally occurs in children younger than 1 and those between 5-14

30
Q

Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy pathopysiology

A

Progressive muscle degeneration occurs

Sex-linked inherited to boys only

31
Q

Manifestations of Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy

A 
Calf muscles become hypertrophied 
Progressive weakness 
Frequent falling 
Clumsiness 
Contractures of ankles and good 
Gower's maneuver
32
Q

Treatment of Duchenne’s or Becker’s muscular dystrophy

A

Prednisone
Glutamine and creatinine (for muscle weakness)
Enzyme transferase (block muscle wasting)
Urotrophin (replace missing dystrophin)

33
Q

Slipped femoral capital epiphysis

A

“Coxa vara”

Spontaneous displacement of the epiphysis of the femur

34
Q

Bruise 1-2 days old

A

Swollen

Tender

35
Q

Bruise 0-5 days old

A

Red or purple

36
Q

Bruise 5-7 days old

A

Green

37
Q

Bruise 7 to 10 days old

A

Yellow

38
Q

Bruise 10 to 14 days old

A

Brown

39
Q

Bruise 14 to 28 days old

A

Clear

40
Q

Battered Child Syndrome

A

Clinical condition in young children who have received serious physical a use generally from parent or foster parents

41
Q

Concussion

A

Any blow to the head followed by alterations in mental functioning should be treated as a possible concussion
Observe for sequelae

42
Q

Stingers or Burners

A

Common neck injury when a player hits another in the head
Caused by brachial plexus trauma
Feels like electrical jolt
Usually mild and disappears suddenly

43
Q

Injured Knee

A

Usually a result of stress on knee ligaments
Potentially serious
May necessitate arthroscopic surgery

44
Q

Sprain or strained ankle

A

May injure growth plate

45
Q

Muscle cramps

A 
Caused by injury 
Alters blood flow 
Electrolyte deficiencies 
Important to warm up before activity 
Ensure fluid intake is adequate
46
Q

Shin splints

A

Pain and discomfort in lower leg caused by repeated running on hard surface

47
Q

Scoliosis pathopysiology

A

Skeletal abnormality
S-shaped curve of the spine
More common in adolescent girls
May lead to back pain, fatigue, discomfort and heart & lung complications

48
Q

S&S of scoliosis

A

Usually found during screening

Symptoms develop slowly and non painful

49
Q

Juvenile Idiopathic Arhtritis

A

JRA
Systemic autoimmune disease involving the joints, connective tissues, and viscera.
Differs from RA

Exam 1 (Spring) (3 decks)

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