Child's health

Question 1

what are the most common causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in neonates -3month?

Answer 1

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria monocutogens

Question 2

what are the the most common causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in children aged 1m to 6 yrs?

Answer 2

Neisseria meningitidis
Strep pneumoniae
HiB

Question 3

what are the the most common causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in children aged >6?

Answer 3

Neisseria meningitidis

Strep pneumoniae

Question 4

what are the contraindications for LP?

Answer 4

any suspicion of raised ICP

• bulging fontanelle
• papiloedema
• coma
• low HR
• high BP

focal neurological signs

cardioresp. instability

Question 5

flexion of the neck with the patient lying supine causes flexion of the knees and hip. what is this a sign of and what is it called?

Answer 5

meningitis

Brudinzki’s sign

Question 6

what are the complications of meningitis?

Answer 6

hearing impairment
cranial nerve palsies - due to local vasculitis
seizures - due to local cerebral infarction
hydrocephalus - due to poor reabsorption of CSF
cerebral abscess

Question 7

viral meningitis is much less severe than bacterial. how is it diagnosed?

Answer 7

many ways

culture or PCR of CSF, stool, urine, throat swab etc

Question 8

describe the differences in CSF between bacterial and viral meningitis

Answer 8

bacterial: turbid, high polymorphs, high protein, low glucose
viral: clear, high leukocytes, normal (or slightly raised) protein, normal (slightly low) glucose

Question 9

define wheeze

why do kids get an acute wheeze? give examples of causes

Answer 9

added noise heard on expiration

partial obstruction of the intrathoracic airways due to inflammation (bronchiolitis) , bronchoconstriction (asthma) or mechanical obstruction (foreign body)

Question 10

what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 10

RSV accounts for 80%