Child Reading and Writing Flashcards
What does early reading enable young children to do?
It enables young children to establish the phoneme (sounds) and grapheme (letters) correspondence.
Why is it important for a child to understand the phoneme-grapheme correspondence?
As children cannot engage with writing later on if this is not understood.
What is Pseudo-reading?
Where a child reads with an adult, helping the children learn conventions about books and encourages them to enjoy books.
What is the theory of Phonic approach?
The phonic approach focusses on the sounds of letters. When a child encounters a new word, they attempt to read it by ‘sounding out’ the letters - this is where a child learns about diagraphs.
What does Synthetic phonics in the Phonic Approach teach children?
Teaches phonemes independently from reading and once the phonemes have been learnt, they can blend them to produce a word.
What does Analytic phonics in the Phonic Approach teach children?
Analytic phonics do not teach individuals phonemes but instead breaks the word down into sections. Words are divided into onset and rime. This encourages children to locate the patterns with words.
What is the theory of whole word approach?
The whole word approach teaches children to recognize individual words as wholes rather than units of letters or sounds.
What is the theory of helping new readers to read?
- Chronological order
- Spoken language features - alliteration, assonance, balanced sentences, repetition, use of ‘and’, idioms
- Story Grammar - Setting, character, theme, episodes, outcome, evaluation
- Phrasal verbs rather than obscure verbs
- Concreate nouns and avoid pronouns - link to nelson
- Use pictures
- Do not separate subject from verb
- Avoid passive voice
- Avoid ellipsis such as ‘that’
- Pine breaks at the end of sentences
What did Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar outline and how doe sit link to another theory?
Outlines the basic structure of books that children read. Children pick up the basic structure from books they read with their parents. Once a child has understood this, they can produce their structured writing often by the help of Vygotsky scaffolding/ MKO.
What was the list established by Stein and Glenn’s Story Grammar?
- Setting - introduction of main characters, as well as time and place
- Initiating event - action that sets out a problem for the story
- Internal response - Protagonists reaction to the IE
- Attempt - An action or plan of the protagonist to solve the problem
- Consequence - result of protagonists actions
- Reaction - response by the protagonist to the consequence
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Graphophonic?
Looking at the shape of words and linking hem to familiar graphemes or words to interpret them.
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Semantic?
Understanding the meanings of words and making connections between words.
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Visual?
Looking and pictures and using the visual narrative to interpret unfamiliar words and ideas.
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Syntactic?
Applying knowledge of word order and word classes to work out if a word seems right in the context.
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Contextual?
Searching for understanding in the situation of the story - own experience or pragmatic understanding of social conventions.
What is the theory of Reading Cues - Miscue?
Making errors when reading.
What is the 3 sub-categories for errors in reading?
1) Prediction - we read we naturally predict of what will come
2) Segmentation difficulties - Children will strive to complete a sentence at the end of the line, missing out punctuation in the middle of a line.
3) Ellipsis - Ellipsis can lead to ambiguity.
What was Marie Clay’s theory?
Emergent literacy.
What is stated in Clay’s Emergent literacy?
Said that children’s writing begins to develop long before children can produce formal texts. She said early writing helps children to grasp seven ‘principles’ of development.
What is Clay’s principle - recurring principle?
When a child only knows limited letters and they use this repeatedly to create a message.
What is Clay’s principle - directional principle?
They learn that reading and writing goes from left to right.
What is Clay’s principle - generating principle?
Child learns that there are limited numbers of letters but they can be combined in different ways. Child learns there are patterns used to convey a message.
What is Clay’s principle - inventory principle?
Child begins to write lists of letters and words that he/she knows as a summary of their own learning.
Who expanded on the idea of emergent literacy?
Goodman
