Child Psychology

Question 1

Stereotype

Answer 1

A fixed impression or belief that one has about an individual, based solely on their membership of a particular group

Question 2

Content analysis

Answer 2

A method of research that can involve examining the content of all kinds of material from interview transcripts to newspaper articles- identifies & creates categories

Question 3

Discourse analysis

Answer 3

Critically analyses the use of vocabulary, tone and other features of speech to interpret meaning

Question 4

Johnson and Young (2002)

Answer 4

The impact of advertising on children

Question 5

Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

Answer 5

Development of attachment

Question 6

barkley-levenson et al (2014)

Answer 6

pre-adult brain development

-neural representation of expected value in the adolescent brain

Question 7

subjective value

Answer 7

the value an individual places on a stimulus

Question 8

expected value

Answer 8

the sum of all the possible outcomes of a particular choice from stimuli

Question 9

ontogenetic differences

Answer 9

differences in biological development

Question 10

the impact of brain development on risk-taking behaviour

Answer 10

the way in which adolescents brains develop and hormonal changes can impact decision-making and risk-taking behaviours
the influence of the prefrontal cortex, limbic system and maturation of ventral striatum on risk-taking behaviours

Question 11

assortative mating

Answer 11

when a person chooses to mate with someone similar to themselves

Question 12

genotype-environment factor

Answer 12

when 2 different genotypes interact with their environment differently

Question 13

phenotypic assortment

Answer 13

mating pattern and form of sexual selection based on a variation of physical, observable characteristics of a person

Question 14

social homogamy

Answer 14

assortment based on solely environmental similarities (people with similar intelligence live in similar social environment)

Question 15

cultural transmission

Answer 15

the way a group of people in a culture/society learn and pass on information

Question 16

what biological factors could affect intelligence

Answer 16

sex and intelligence in relation to neural anatomy and hormones, sex differences in brain structure/activity, genetic transfer of intelligence

Question 17

Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test

Answer 17

non-verbal test of 60 items which measures abstract reasoning and allows estimate of fluid intelligence
advanced test = adults
standard = children

Question 18

zygosity

Answer 18

the degree of similarity between twins

Question 19

monozygotic

Answer 19

identical twins

Question 20

dizygotic

Answer 20

non-identical twins

Question 21

Wood et al (1976)

Answer 21

the role of tutoring in problem solving

Question 22

zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Answer 22

every child has potential to reach a level given a stimulating environment and actual development so this is the distance between them- carers/educators can guide to reach potential development

Question 23

scaffolding

Answer 23

to learn we need the help of more knowledgeable others (MKO) so children learn at their own pace

Question 24

perception

Answer 24

the process by which our minds organise, process and make sense of sensory information

Question 25

acuity

Answer 25

ability to detect fine detail

Question 26

depth perception

Answer 26

ability to see difference in distance, size and relative size

Question 27

gibson and walk

Answer 27

the visual cliff

Question 28

motion parallax

Answer 28

a monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us

Question 29

size constancy

Answer 29

a binocular depth cue in which our perceptions of the size of objects are relatively constant despite the fact that the size of objects on the retina vary greatly with distance