Child Psychology Flashcards
Stereotype
A fixed impression or belief that one has about an individual, based solely on their membership of a particular group
Content analysis
A method of research that can involve examining the content of all kinds of material from interview transcripts to newspaper articles- identifies & creates categories
Discourse analysis
Critically analyses the use of vocabulary, tone and other features of speech to interpret meaning
Johnson and Young (2002)
The impact of advertising on children
Ainsworth and Bell (1970)
Development of attachment
barkley-levenson et al (2014)
pre-adult brain development
-neural representation of expected value in the adolescent brain
subjective value
the value an individual places on a stimulus
expected value
the sum of all the possible outcomes of a particular choice from stimuli
ontogenetic differences
differences in biological development
the impact of brain development on risk-taking behaviour
the way in which adolescents brains develop and hormonal changes can impact decision-making and risk-taking behaviours
the influence of the prefrontal cortex, limbic system and maturation of ventral striatum on risk-taking behaviours
assortative mating
when a person chooses to mate with someone similar to themselves
genotype-environment factor
when 2 different genotypes interact with their environment differently
phenotypic assortment
mating pattern and form of sexual selection based on a variation of physical, observable characteristics of a person
social homogamy
assortment based on solely environmental similarities (people with similar intelligence live in similar social environment)
cultural transmission
the way a group of people in a culture/society learn and pass on information
what biological factors could affect intelligence
sex and intelligence in relation to neural anatomy and hormones, sex differences in brain structure/activity, genetic transfer of intelligence
Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test
non-verbal test of 60 items which measures abstract reasoning and allows estimate of fluid intelligence
advanced test = adults
standard = children
zygosity
the degree of similarity between twins
monozygotic
identical twins
dizygotic
non-identical twins
Wood et al (1976)
the role of tutoring in problem solving
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
every child has potential to reach a level given a stimulating environment and actual development so this is the distance between them- carers/educators can guide to reach potential development
scaffolding
to learn we need the help of more knowledgeable others (MKO) so children learn at their own pace
perception
the process by which our minds organise, process and make sense of sensory information
acuity
ability to detect fine detail
depth perception
ability to see difference in distance, size and relative size
gibson and walk
the visual cliff
motion parallax
a monocular depth cue in which we view objects that are closer to us as moving faster than objects that are further away from us
size constancy
a binocular depth cue in which our perceptions of the size of objects are relatively constant despite the fact that the size of objects on the retina vary greatly with distance
