Child Language Disorders

Question 1

What is the formula for MLU?

Answer 1

Number of morphemes over number of utterances

Question 2

What score is the cutoff for being deemed disordered on a SNRT with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15?

Answer 2

77

Question 3

What score is the cutoff for being deemed disordered on a SNRT with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3?

Answer 3

5.5

Question 4

What are the 3 major areas of pragmatic language assessment?

Answer 4

1. Communicative Intentions and Engagement; 2. Nonverbal Rules of Conversation; 3. Verbal Rules of Conversation

Question 5

What does Communicative Intentions and Engagement assess?

Answer 5

Shared attention to an object, topic, or person; initiating verbal exchanges and responding to others

Question 6

What purposes of language are assessed in Communicative Intentions?

Answer 6

Engaging others, greeting, informing, demanding, asking/answering questions, proposing ideas

Question 7

What nonverbal skills are assessed in Nonverbal Rules of Conversation?

Answer 7

Appropriate eye contact, maintaining appropriate conversational distance

Question 8

What nonverbal behaviors should match verbal or emotional content?

Answer 8

Body language, posture, gestures, and facial expressions

Question 9

How do Nonverbal Rules vary across cultures?

Answer 9

Eye contact, personal space, gestures, and facial expressions differ across cultures.

Question 10

Why is understanding differing nonverbal rules across cultures important as a future clinician?

Answer 10

Understanding the differences helps to avoid misinterpreting behaviors as deficits.

Question 11

What conversational skills are assessed in Verbal Rules of Conversation?

Answer 11

Sharing speaker and listener roles; introducing and maintaining topics for several turns; repairing misunderstandings and politely interrupting

Question 12

How is language adapted to context in Verbal Rules of Conversation?

Answer 12

Vocabulary selection, tone of voice, speech rhythms, and grammar must match context.

Question 13

What frameworks are used for organizing conversation for Verbal Rules of Conversation?

Answer 13

Scripts or story grammar to relate events; narratives with a flexible yet organized sequence

Question 14

What are three characteristics of children with pragmatic language difficulties?

Answer 14

1. Difficulty with communicative intentions and engagement; 2. Challenges following nonverbal rules of conversation; 3. Difficulty adhering to verbal rules of conversation

Question 15

What is AAC?

Answer 15

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Question 16

What is Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)?

Answer 16

A set of tools and strategies that support or replace spoken or written communication.

Question 17

What are unaided AAC systems?

Answer 17

Communication methods that do not require external tools, such as gestures or sign language

Question 18

What are aided AAC systems?

Answer 18

Communication methods that use tools, such as communication boards or tablets.

Question 19

What factors should be considered when selecting an AAC system for an individual?

Answer 19

The individual’s skill level, their communication needs and goals, contexts where the AAC system will be used.

Question 20

What are low (light) tech AAC systems?

Answer 20

Non-powered systems, such as communication boards, visual schedules, PECS

Question 21

What are mid-tech AAC systems?

Answer 21

Battery-powered systems with limited features and lexicons.

Question 22

What are high-tech AAC systems?

Answer 22

Powered, dynamic systems with speech generation.

Question 23

What is PECS?

Answer 23

A communication system that teaches individuals to use pictures to request, answer questions, and comment.

Question 24

What is the purpose of PECS?

Answer 24

To teach individuals how to initiate communication and use graphic images/symbols.

Question 25

What is Phase 1 of PECS?

Answer 25

How to communicate (teaching the nature of communication).

Question 26

What is Phase 2 of PECS?

Answer 26

Distance and persistence (generalizing the new skill by using picture exchanges across different people, places, and distances).

Question 27

What is Phase 3 of PECS?

Answer 27

Picture discrimination (discriminating between two or more pictures to request specific items).

Question 28

What is Phase 4 of PECS?

Answer 28

Sentence structure (constructing sentences with a sentence strip).

Question 29

What is Phase 5 of PECS?

Answer 29

Responsive requesting (learning to use PECS to answer questions).

Question 30

What is Phase 6 of PECS?

Answer 30

Commenting (learning to comment in response to questions).

Question 31

What are the four components of a measurable goal?

Answer 31

Learner performance, criteria, quality, and conditions.

Question 32

Identify the missing component in this goal: By 12/14/2024, PG will answer grade-level comprehension questions independently in a group setting.

Answer 32

Criteria (e.g., ‘in 8 out of 10 trials across 3 sessions’)

Question 33

Identify the missing component in this goal: By 12/14/2024, PG will read with 80% accuracy across 5 therapy sessions with minimal support in a group setting.

Answer 33

Learner performance (what will PG read?)

Question 34

Identify the missing component in this goal: By 12/14/2024, LT will define grade-level vocabulary words with 80% accuracy across 3 sessions in a 1:1 setting.

Answer 34

Quality (will LT do this independently, with minimal support, with prompts?)

Question 35

Identify the missing component in this goal: By 12/14/24, GH, with minimal support, will use sentences that include a main idea and at least one supporting detail in 8 out of 10 opportunities across 3 sessions.

Answer 35

Condition (where will GH be able to do this?)