Child language development

Question 1

What is a proto word?

Answer 1

Made up words that a chiild will use to represent a word they might not be yet able to pronounce. Ray rays for raisins.

Question 2

What are the stages of language development?

Answer 2

1. Pre verbal(Cooing and babbling)
2. Holophrastic
3. Telegraphic
4. Post telegraphic

Question 3

What is the pre-verbal stage?

Answer 3

A period of time where a child experiments with the noises and sounds without producing recognisable words(Majority of the baby’s first year)

Question 4

What is cooing?

Answer 4

Distinct from crying but not yet forming recognisable vowels and consonants.(2 months old)

Question 5

What is babbling?

Answer 5

Vocal play that involves forming vowel and consonants, which can be reduplicated ( repeated sounds e.g. bababa) or variegated(varies between vowels and consonants e.g. daba)

Question 6

What is the Holophrastic stage?

Answer 6

Between 12 and 18 months where a child conveys a whole sentence worth meaning in a single word

Question 7

What are plosives?

Answer 7

Different consonants, lips making contact, bilabial(mama d baba)

Question 8

What are fricatives?

Answer 8

Squeezing which produses airflow

Question 9

What are diminutives?

Answer 9

The reduction in scale of an item through the way this way is created.

Question 10

What is an addition?

Answer 10

adding an additional suffix to the end of a word in order to change the way in which the word is pronounced and interpreted. MUMMMY AND DOLLY

Question 11

What are other phonological simplifications that occur in a child’s language development?

Answer 11

•Substitution: the process of swapping one sound for another so that it is easier to pronounce.
for example, fink for think
•Assimilation: one consonant or vowel swapped for another. For example borry for lorry
•Deletion: omitting a particular sound within a word
e.g. Tephone instead of telephone
• Consonant cluster reductions: reducing phonologically more complex units into simpler ones from two or more consonants down to one. For example dis for dish

Question 12

What is the two word stage?

Answer 12

They put two words together in order yo convey meaning for example ‘mummy sit’.

Question 13

What is the telegraphic stage?

Answer 13

period of time when a child ‘s utterances will be there words and more; there might still be omission of some woods with the key words included

Question 14

What are content words?

Answer 14

Words within a sentence that are vital to convey meaning

Question 15

What are grammatical words?

Answer 15

Words within a sentence that are necessary to demonstrate structural accuracy.

Question 16

What is the post-telegraphic stage ?

Answer 16

Period of time when a child’s language will include both content and grammatical words and more closely resemble adult speech.

Question 17

What is Child directed speech?

Answer 17

• Higher or melodic pitch
• more frequent and long pauses
• slower and clearer speech
• repetition
• grammatically simpler sentences
• more question (tag question) as well as providing the answer as well as the question
• use diminutives
• use nouns rather than pronouns
• more frequent use of plural pronouns, rather than than singular pronouns
• expansion where the caregiver might elaborate on the utterance given by the child
• recast where the caregiver might repeat a child’s utterance but provide a correct version of what the child has said
• mitigated imperatives where a command is given but disguised in form of a question

Question 18

What is the IRF structure?

Answer 18

the initiation, response, feedback was suggested by Sinclair and Coulthard as way of analysing educational discourse.

Question 19

What are the different functions that might be served when a child uses language?

Answer 19

M.A. K. Halliday
Intrumental: where the child is trying to fulfill a need
Regulatory: used to control the behaviour of someone
Interactional: used to control the behaviour
Personal: used to develop relationships with other
Heuristic: used to explore the world around them
Imaginative: used to explore something creatively or pla during play
Representational: used to exchange information to give 1 or receive

Question 20

What did Katherine Nelson discover?

Answer 20

She discovered that 60 percent of the words that children acquire first were nouns used to name people , animals or things. and other 3 categories such as verbs, adjectives and adverbs

Question 21

What is overextension?

Answer 21

Where a child might use a word more broadly to describe things other than the specific item to which the word actually applies.

Question 22

What is underextension?

Answer 22

Where a child might use a word more narrowly to describe something without recognising the wider use of the word.

Question 23

What is a hyponym?

Answer 23

the more specific words that can be defined within the more generic hypernym

Question 24

What is the hypernym

Answer 24

the more generic term that is connected to more specific word choices that are all within the same semantic field

Question 25

What is the Wug test?

Answer 25

Berko found out that children are often able to deduce what that plural of a noun will be.

Question 26

What is a bound morpheme?

Answer 26

units of meaning within a word that depend ion other morphemes to make sense.

Question 27

What is an unbound or free morpheme?

Answer 27

Units of meaning withing a word that does not depend on other morphemes to make sense.

Question 28

What is MLU?

Answer 28

mean length of utterance is the average utterance length of speakers calculated by adding up the total number of words spoken and dividing this total by the total number of utterances. It is a broad way of exploring a participant’s input and can be linked to discussion of dominance.

Question 29

What is a copula verb?

Answer 29

a verb that joins a subject to an adjective or noun complement.