Child Language Acquisition: Writing Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 5 spelling stages.

A

Pre-phonemic, Semi-phonemic, Phonetic, Transitional and Conventional.

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2
Q

What are the features of the pre-phonemic stage?

A

Pretend writing/ scribbling.

Some shapes could be made out.

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3
Q

What are the features of the semi-phonemic stage?

A

Certain shapes represent sounds, children may use this to write sentences.

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4
Q

What are the features of the phonetic stage?

A

Understanding phonemes are represented by graphemes.

The child will write more complete words.

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5
Q

What are the features of the transitional stage?

A

Awareness of combinations of letters and patterns

e.g. the magic E rule.

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6
Q

What are the features of the conventional stage?

A

Spelling most words correctly.

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7
Q

Name the 7 spelling error categories.

A

Insertion, Omission, Substitution, Transposition, Phonetic Spelling, Over/under generalisation and Salient sounds.

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8
Q

What is insertion?

A

Adding extra letters to a word.

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9
Q

What is omission?

A

Missing out letters from a word.

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10
Q

What is substitution?

A

Substituting one letter for another.

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11
Q

What is transposition?

A

Reversing the correct order of letters.

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12
Q

What is phonetic spelling?

A

Using how we sound out words, to guess the letters.

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13
Q

What is under generalisation?

A

Only applying a rule in a specific context.

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14
Q

What is over generalisation?

A

Applying a rule where it is inappropriate to do so.

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15
Q

What is salient sounds?

A

Writing only the key sounds.

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16
Q

What is emergent writing?

A

A child’s early scribble writing.

17
Q

What is meant by the term ‘ascender’?

A

The typographical feature where a portion of the letter goes above usual height for letters in any font.

18
Q

What is meant by the term ‘descender’?

A

Where a part of the letter goes below the baseline of a font.

19
Q

What is cursive script?

A

Joined up handwriting which can improve fluency.

20
Q

What is print handwriting?

A

Writing each letter individually which is the initial handwriting that children use.

21
Q

What is casual cursive script?

A

A mid-point between cursive and print handwriting with some letters being joined up and some not.

22
Q

What are homonyms?

A

Words that are spelt the same but pronounced differently.

23
Q

What are homophones?

A

Words that are pronounced the same but have a different meaning and may have a different spelling.

24
Q

What is a diagraph?

A

A cluster of two letters that present two sounds.

25
Q

What is meant by the term ‘grapho-phonemic’?

A

The relationship between symbols and sounds.