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Lang > Child language acquisition > Flashcards

Child language acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

Nelson 1973

A

Holophrastic stage- children whose mothers corrected themselves advanced slower than those whose didn’t

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2
Q

Aitchison 1987

A

Labelling- linking sound and object

Packaging- understanding a words range of meanings

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3
Q

Bancroft 1996

A

Peek a boo parallels-

Turn taking
Response
Common purpose and understand sequence
Pleasure

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4
Q

Berko + Brown 1960

A

‘Fis’ phonomenon- childs understanding of phonemes occurs earlier than ability to produce these phonemes

—— linguistic comprehension precedes linguistic production—————

Could perceive phoneme /sh/ as different from /s/

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5
Q

Berko 1958

A

Add -s suffix automatically

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6
Q

Clarke and Stewart 1973

A

Children w/ talkative parents have a larger vocabulary

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7
Q

Yousef 1991

A

Children in Trinidad use different varieties of English in different social situations

Janet- 3 yrs 9 months
Mother- 100% SE
Helper- less SE
Brother- Least SE

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8
Q

Cruttenden 1974

A

Football results-
Intonation used in 1st teams score- adults correctly picked home win, away win or draw
Children 7-11 largely unsuccessful

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9
Q

Skinner

A

Behaviourism

  • positive reinforcement
    Learn to speak by imitating parents and reward/ punishment in response
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10
Q

Chomsky

A

Innateness

Babies are born w/ innate structure of Lang- speeds up learning of native lang—- when hear examples, for these into their unconscious mental model of how Lang works —- LAD McNeil

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11
Q

Piaget

A

Cognitive

Language development links to cognitive development, until object size, permanence (still exists even if not seen) concepts, cannot grasp words eg ‘more than’ ‘gone’.

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12
Q

Bruner

A

Social interactionist

Lang is social- use to get what they want, play games, stay connected with those who they are dependent upon

Lang development enriched according to the quantity and quality of their social interaction with adults—- can only learn social pragmatics through adults

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13
Q

Lenneberg

A

Critical period

Human brain designed to acquire Lang at certain time (I.e first five years) - once passed, normal Lang development not possible

-genie

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14
Q

Phonemic simplification

A

Deletion—— banana- nana

Substitution——- r-w, th-d,n,f, t-d, p-b

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15
Q

18 months, 2, 5, 7 vocabulary

A

18 months- 50, understood 250

2- 200

5- 2000

7- 4000

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16
Q

Underextension

Overextension

A

Under- word given narrower meaning ‘cat’ for family pet, not all cats

Over- given broader meaning ‘daddy’ for all men, ‘dog’ for all 4 legged animals

17
Q

Bloom 1973

A

‘Mummy sock’

18
Q

Phonemic expansion and contraction

A

During babbling expands

9-10 months - no produced contracts- restricted to native Lang

— adults have successfully identified babies from own countries

19
Q

Two word stage

A

S+V, S+O

18 months, usually grammatically correct sequence

Grammatical function words commonly omitted

Possession, action, location

‘Mummy car’, ‘Paul eat’, ‘teddy bed’

20
Q

One word stage

A

12-18 months

Naming function

Holophrases- ‘juice’
Convey more complex meanings

21
Q

Telegraphic stage

A

Age 2- 3 and 4 word utterances, some grammatically complete

S+V+O
‘Lucy likes tea’

S+V+A
‘Mummy sleeps upstairs’

Omit elements eg determiners auxiliary verbs prepositions

22
Q

Post telegraphic stage

A

3- regular determiner usage
More than one clause appears
Coordinating conjunctions used ‘and’

23
Q

Dell hymes

A

Communicative competence

  • when to speak
  • how to respond
  • appropriate register
24
Q

Halliday’s taxonomy

A 
INSTRUMENTAL 
REGULATORY 
INTERACTIONAL 
PERSONAL 
HEURISTIC 
IMAGINATIVE
REPRESENTATIONAL
25
Q

CDS

*** Not all cultures use CDS, still go through same developmental stages at roughly same time —- as long as exposure to Lang

A

Nonstandard form used by adults in talking to toddlers or infants

  • catches attention easier
  • helps with emotional bonding
  • some reduce adult discomfort eg wee wee poo poo icky beddy bye
26
Q

PHONOLOGY OF CDS

A 
Separate phrases more distinctly 
Slowly 
Exaggerated sing song intonation 
Higher and wider pitch range
More commands,  questions and tag questions
27
Q

EXPANSIONS

RECASTINGS

A

Expansion- adult fills out child’s utterance

Recasting- childs vocab put into new utterance

28
Q

PRAGMATICS OF CDS

A

Lots of gesture and body lang

Stop frequently for child to respond

Supportive Lang

29
Q

LEXIS AND SEMANTICS CDS

A

Use child’s name repeatedly, absence of pronouns

Adopt child’s own words for things - sickle rabbit

Concrete nouns, dynamic verbs

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