Child Language Acquisition Flashcards by Fiona Rees

What is Piaget’s Pre-Operational Stage of Development?

2-7 years old
Language and motor skills are developing
Egocentric language is used

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What is Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage of Development?

Children up to two years old
Concrete lexical choices
Developing object permanence
Experiences world through senses

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What is Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage of Development?

7-11 years

Children think logically about concrete events

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What is Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage of development?

11+ years old

Abstract reasoning skills are used

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What are John Dore’s Language Functions?

Protesting
Greeting
Calling
Requesting
Answering
Repeating
Labelling
Practising

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Who supports Piaget’s theory that language is used to discover the world?

John Dore

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What is the first phonological development stage?

Vegetative
0-4 months
Crying, coughing, burping

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What is the second stage of phonological development?

Cooing
4-7 months
Cooing, laughter, pitch, loudness, consonant and vowel sounds

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What is the third stage of phonological development?

Babbling
6-12 months
repeated patterns, extended sounds/syllables, reduplicated sounds

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What are reduplicated sounds?

Repetition of consonant-vowel combination.

e.g. ba-ba

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What is the fourth stage of phonological development?

Proto-words
9-12 months
word-like vocalistations

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What is the first stage of lexical and grammatical development?

Holophrastic
12-18 months
1 word phrases

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What is the second stage of lexical and grammatical development?

Two-word
18-24 months
2 word combinations

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What is the third stage of lexical and grammatical development?

Telegraphic
24-36 months
3 or more words combined

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What is the fourth stage of lexical and grammatical development?

Post-telegraphic
36+ months
More grammatically complex

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What is pre-verbal?

Anything that a baby does before meaningful words are used

What is non-vocal?

behaviour that does not involve voice

What is a vocalisation?

A sound made by the voice that is not a word

What are stopped sounds?

Where air is momentarily stopped from being released

e.g p

What is variegated babbling?

A variation of reduplication where the vowel sounds differ

e.g da-de

What is a consonant cluster?

A number of consonants that have been combined

e.g fr

What are friction sounds?

Sounds made when there is a vibration while air is being released
e.g s

What do behaviourists believe?

Language is developed through imitating other’s language and gaining positive or negative feedback

What do social interactionists believe?

Children’s early language can be influenced and improved by adult carers adjusting their own speech
e.g LASS

What do nativists believe?

Language is inate

What do cognitivists believe?

Language develops when a child's ideas of the world develop

What is universal grammar?

the idea that all languages share a similar grammar structure

What is nativism?

The belief that all children have an inbuilt Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that enables them to extract the rules of the particular language from the words and structures that they hear.

What is the critical period?

the idea that children must be activated with sufficient input before the age of 12

What did DeCasper and Spence (1986) find?

Babies sucked on their dummies more when their mothers read them a story that had been read to them during the last 6 months of pregnancy.

What did Mechler et al (1988) find?

4 day old french babies sucked on their dummies more when they heard french than when they heard English or Italian.

What did Fitzpatrick (2002) find?

The heart rate of unborn babies slows when they hear their mother's voices.

What are the 3 types of simplification?

Deletion Substitution Cluster Reduction

What is deletion?

When consonants are dropped from words, particularly at the end E.g ca vs cat

What is substitution?

The replacing of a consonant with another that is easier to say. E.g wegs vs legs

What is Cluster Reduction?

The dropping of consonants from a cluster of them. | E.g geen vs green

What is assimilation?

When one consonant within a word is changed because of the influence of another consonant. E.g bub vs tub due to the final b