Child Language Acquisition Flashcards
What are the features of the pre-reading or pseudo reading
Read to by a caregiver, might imitate reading process, may identify some letters
What are the features of initial reading and decoding?
Decode words, understand basics, identify familiar whole words, recognises letters, understanding may be limited
What are the features of confirmation and fluency?
Reading becomes faster, reading with fluency, greater sense of text and emerging whole words
What are the features of reading for learning?
Not learning to read but reading to learn, access wide range, obtain facts, scan for most relevant details
What are the features of multiple viewpoints?
Recognise the meaning conveyed, different focus, more critical readers, Recognise bias, inference in text
Whata are the feature of construction and reconstruction?
Read a range of sources, synthesis to develop interpretations, skim and scan, what us and isn’t important to read
What are the evaluations of Challs theory of child acquisition?
- are all generalisations
- not all children will reacb the milestones at the same time
- children with difficulties with learning may not reach upper stages of cognitive at all
- preschoolers who haven’t bad access to books will be at a disadvantage
- reading programmes to encourage parents and children to read together
What are the features of the preparation stage?
Fine motor skills, basic spelling
What are the features of the consolidation stage?
Write as they speak, short declarative, coordinating conjunctions, incomplete sentences
What theory did Skinner create?
Behaviourism (positive and negative reinforcement)
What theory did Chomsky create?
Innate capacity (natavist theory, univeral grammar)
What theories did Bruner and Vygotsky create?
Zone of proximal development(ZPD) and social interaction theory(play)
What theory did paiget create?
Cognitive theory (object permanence)
What study did burko create?
Wugs study
What study did Burko and Brown create?
The Fis study
What theory did Halliday create?
Functions of language
What theory did lenneburg create?
Critical development period
What theory did Genie create?
The feral children
What is the focus of the wug study?
How children can understand and apply grammatical rules without copying the language of others
What is the focus of the fis study?
How children can ignore correction
What Is the focus of the critical development period?
A period in which a child learns to condolidate their language skills. If period is missed they will likely have problems with grammatical constructions at times in sentences
What does the cognitive theory look at?
- Importance of how the brain develops
- how this is linked to linguistic development
What does Skinner suggest about behaviourism?
Children learn through a reward system
What does Chomsky believe about innate capacity?
Each child has an innate capacity to develop language skills
What do Bruner and Vygotsky look at about SIT?
The significance of play in language development
Define synthetic phonics
Child identify individual phonemes(sounds)
Define analytical phonics
Teaches how to use stem phonemes(rime)
Give an example of stem phonemes
At - cat,mat,sat
What does the linear model suggest?
Children develop their skills in a certain order, learning to speak, then read, then write
What does the developmental model suggest?
As skills develop, cognitive skills improve, writing becomes more confident, use increasingly more complex vocab
What does the look and say approach involve?
Child learns what the whole word looks and sounds like
What are the evaluations of the look and say approach?
- Relies on memory
- Difficult to encourage child to become and independant reader as teacher input in required
What is the 1st thing to consider when children are learning to write? (Doesn’t have to be in order)
Fine motor skills required for gripping the pen
What is the 2nd consideration?
The direction that writing flows in
What is the 3rd consideration?
Learning cursive writing
What is the 4th consideration?
Finger spacing in words
What is the 5th consideration?
Size of words (orthography)
What is the 6th consideration?
Writing on the line or letters that rest on lines
Define phonetic spelling
Spelling as it sounds
Define undergeneralisation
Not applying spelling rules
Define overgeneralisation
Applying rules to irregular words when they don’t appear
Define omission
Missing out sounds (esp double letters)
Define insertion
Adding in letters that are not there
Define substitution
Right letter replaced by an incorrect one
Define transposition
Letter are switched around
Define inversion
Reversing how a letter is written
Who created scaffolding and the teacher feedback?
Vygotsky
Describe rule based approach - teacher feedback
Teacher focuses on the errors made and corrects them
What is a Criticism of the rule based approach?
Put children off writing
- see too many negative comments
Describe the creative model - teacher feedback
Creativity is focused on and fed back on rather than pointing out errors
What are the evaluations of the creative model?
- allows child to focus on skills
- develops their grammatical skills later on
- less likely to be afraid of making mistakes
What is the 1st stage of writing created by Kroll?
Preparatory stage (up to 6yrs)
What is the 2nd stage? Kroll
Consolidation stage (7-8yrs)
What is the 3rd stage?
Differentiation stage (9-10yrs)
What is the 4th stage?
Integration stage (mid-teens)
