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English Languge A Level > Child Language Acquisition > Flashcards

Child Language Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of the pre-reading or pseudo reading

A

Read to by a caregiver, might imitate reading process, may identify some letters

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2
Q

What are the features of initial reading and decoding?

A

Decode words, understand basics, identify familiar whole words, recognises letters, understanding may be limited

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3
Q

What are the features of confirmation and fluency?

A

Reading becomes faster, reading with fluency, greater sense of text and emerging whole words

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4
Q

What are the features of reading for learning?

A

Not learning to read but reading to learn, access wide range, obtain facts, scan for most relevant details

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5
Q

What are the features of multiple viewpoints?

A

Recognise the meaning conveyed, different focus, more critical readers, Recognise bias, inference in text

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6
Q

Whata are the feature of construction and reconstruction?

A

Read a range of sources, synthesis to develop interpretations, skim and scan, what us and isn’t important to read

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7
Q

What are the evaluations of Challs theory of child acquisition?

A
  • are all generalisations
  • not all children will reacb the milestones at the same time
  • children with difficulties with learning may not reach upper stages of cognitive at all
  • preschoolers who haven’t bad access to books will be at a disadvantage
  • reading programmes to encourage parents and children to read together
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8
Q

What are the features of the preparation stage?

A

Fine motor skills, basic spelling

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9
Q

What are the features of the consolidation stage?

A

Write as they speak, short declarative, coordinating conjunctions, incomplete sentences

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10
Q

What theory did Skinner create?

A

Behaviourism (positive and negative reinforcement)

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11
Q

What theory did Chomsky create?

A

Innate capacity (natavist theory, univeral grammar)

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12
Q

What theories did Bruner and Vygotsky create?

A

Zone of proximal development(ZPD) and social interaction theory(play)

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13
Q

What theory did paiget create?

A

Cognitive theory (object permanence)

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14
Q

What study did burko create?

A

Wugs study

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15
Q

What study did Burko and Brown create?

A

The Fis study

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16
Q

What theory did Halliday create?

A

Functions of language

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17
Q

What theory did lenneburg create?

A

Critical development period

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18
Q

What theory did Genie create?

A

The feral children

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19
Q

What is the focus of the wug study?

A

How children can understand and apply grammatical rules without copying the language of others

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20
Q

What is the focus of the fis study?

A

How children can ignore correction

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21
Q

What Is the focus of the critical development period?

A

A period in which a child learns to condolidate their language skills. If period is missed they will likely have problems with grammatical constructions at times in sentences

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22
Q

What does the cognitive theory look at?

A
  • Importance of how the brain develops
  • how this is linked to linguistic development
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23
Q

What does Skinner suggest about behaviourism?

A

Children learn through a reward system

24
Q

What does Chomsky believe about innate capacity?

A

Each child has an innate capacity to develop language skills

25
Q

What do Bruner and Vygotsky look at about SIT?

A

The significance of play in language development

26
Q

Define synthetic phonics

A

Child identify individual phonemes(sounds)

27
Q

Define analytical phonics

A

Teaches how to use stem phonemes(rime)

28
Q

Give an example of stem phonemes

A

At - cat,mat,sat

29
Q

What does the linear model suggest?

A

Children develop their skills in a certain order, learning to speak, then read, then write

30
Q

What does the developmental model suggest?

A

As skills develop, cognitive skills improve, writing becomes more confident, use increasingly more complex vocab

31
Q

What does the look and say approach involve?

A

Child learns what the whole word looks and sounds like

32
Q

What are the evaluations of the look and say approach?

A
  1. Relies on memory
  2. Difficult to encourage child to become and independant reader as teacher input in required
33
Q

What is the 1st thing to consider when children are learning to write? (Doesn’t have to be in order)

A

Fine motor skills required for gripping the pen

34
Q

What is the 2nd consideration?

A

The direction that writing flows in

35
Q

What is the 3rd consideration?

A

Learning cursive writing

36
Q

What is the 4th consideration?

A

Finger spacing in words

37
Q

What is the 5th consideration?

A

Size of words (orthography)

38
Q

What is the 6th consideration?

A

Writing on the line or letters that rest on lines

39
Q

Define phonetic spelling

A

Spelling as it sounds

40
Q

Define undergeneralisation

A

Not applying spelling rules

41
Q

Define overgeneralisation

A

Applying rules to irregular words when they don’t appear

42
Q

Define omission

A

Missing out sounds (esp double letters)

43
Q

Define insertion

A

Adding in letters that are not there

44
Q

Define substitution

A

Right letter replaced by an incorrect one

45
Q

Define transposition

A

Letter are switched around

46
Q

Define inversion

A

Reversing how a letter is written

47
Q

Who created scaffolding and the teacher feedback?

A

Vygotsky

48
Q

Describe rule based approach - teacher feedback

A

Teacher focuses on the errors made and corrects them

49
Q

What is a Criticism of the rule based approach?

A

Put children off writing
- see too many negative comments

50
Q

Describe the creative model - teacher feedback

A

Creativity is focused on and fed back on rather than pointing out errors

51
Q

What are the evaluations of the creative model?

A
  • allows child to focus on skills
  • develops their grammatical skills later on
  • less likely to be afraid of making mistakes
52
Q

What is the 1st stage of writing created by Kroll?

A

Preparatory stage (up to 6yrs)

53
Q

What is the 2nd stage? Kroll

A

Consolidation stage (7-8yrs)

54
Q

What is the 3rd stage?

A

Differentiation stage (9-10yrs)

55
Q

What is the 4th stage?

A

Integration stage (mid-teens)

English Languge A Level (2 decks)

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