Child language Flashcards
What is communicative competence?
The ability to form accurate and understandable utterances, using the grammar system and to understand social context for using them
What are proto words?
Made up words that a child will use to represent a word they might not be able to pronounce yet
What is the pre-verbal stage?
A period of time that involves experimenting with noises and sounds but without producing recognisable words (this usually goes on for the first year of the childs life.
What is cooing?
It is distinct from crying but not yet forming recognisable vowels and consonants.
What is babbling?
Vocal play that involves forming vowel and consonant sounds which can be reduplicated or variegated
What is the holophrastic stage?
The point in a childs development when a child uses just individual words to communicate
What is non-verbal communication?
all the ways in which communication occurs without using language.
What is reduplication?
Repeated syllables within a word.
What are diminutives?
The reduction in scale of an item through the way this word is created.
What is addition?
Adding an additional suffix to the end of a word in order to change the way in which the word is pronounced and interpreted.
What is the two word stage?
The period of time when a child begins to put two words together
What is the telegraphic stage?
Period of time when a childs utterances will be three or more words
What are content words?
Words within a sentence that are vital to convey meaning
What are grammatical words?
Words within a sentence that are necessary to demonstrate structural accuracy
What is the post telegraphic stage?
Period of time when a childs language will include both content and grammatical words more closely resemble adult speech
What is operant conditioning?
The idea that either positive or negative response given by a caregiver and can influence the way the child speaks in future occasions
What is positive reinforcement?
The positive feedback a caregiver gives to a child which encourages similar performance again
What is negative reinforcement?
The lack of feedback, correction or negative feedback that might prevent a child from making the same error repeatedly
What is the LAD?
The idea that all humans are born with an innate language learning capacity (Chomsky)
What is universal grammar?
(Term coined by Chomsky) The notion that all human languages possess similar grammatical properties.
Piaget
Cognitive development
Skinner
Positive and negative reinforcement
Chomsky
Language acquisition device and universal grammar
Bruner
Language Acquisition Support System
What are virtuous errors?
Grammatical errors that are understandable and logical through an incorrect assumption being made about grammar rules
What is cognitive development?
A childs development of thinking and understanding
What is LASS?(Language Acquisition Support System)
System as proposed by Bruner (caregivers and other individuals who play a key role in a childs language development)
What is scaffolding?
The support provided by caregivers through modelling how speech ought to take place, in order to help the childs language development
What is a more knowledgable other (MKO)?
The older participant in an interaction who might offer support to a child so that they can further their own development or learning
What is child directed speech?
The way a caregiver adapts their speech in order to aid a child in their language development
What is expansion?
Where a caregiver might develop the characters utterance to make it more grammatically complete
What is recasting?
The grammatically incorrect utterance of a child is spoke back to the child but in a correct form
What is IRF?(initiation,response and feedback)
Its a 3 part conversational exchange in which a speaker starts the conversation, a second speaker responds and the first speaker gives some feedback
What is overextension?
Where a child might use a word more broadly to describe things other than the specific item to which the word actually applies
What is underextension?
Where a child might use a word more narrowly to describe something without recognising the wider use of the word
What is a grapheme?
The letter blend of letters which represent a sound (s or ch)
What is a phoneme?
The sound of a letter or blend of letters within a word
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development
