Child Lanaguge Acquistion Flashcards
What is the Holophrastic Stage?
1-1.5 years old
Holophrases are single words and usually nouns
A single word can have many meanings such as a child shouting dog can mean:
- Where’s the dog? (Interrogative)
- There’s the dog. (Declarative)
- Come here, dog! (Exclamative)
The child may add intonation, so if they say ‘dog’ their voice rises at the end, suggesting they are asking a question.
What is the Two-Word Stage?
1.5- 2 years
The child is now using 2 words
Verb start to emerge more
The child starts to use syntax correctly:
- Subject and verb= Milo woof
- Verb and object= bark dog
- Noun phrase= soft Milo
- Verb phrase= walk dog
What is the Telegraphic Stage?
2-5 years
When there is enough words to communicate successfully
Massive increase in vocabulary
Word classes are involved like pronouns and prepositions
- Milo is dog
- Milo go(es) woof
- Where dog go?
What is Post-Telegraphic Stage?
The child can use many advanced features of English, including contractions and irregular verbs.
What are the 5 mistake categories children make?
- Addition
- Deletion
- Consonant cluster reduction
- Substitution
- Assimilation
What is addition?
The child adds something completely new into the pronunciation
For example, ‘cat-o’
Diminutisation is a process of addition where a child adds a ‘y’ onto the end of words to make them diminutives.
For example, ‘doggy’
What is deletion?
The child removes a sound from the word altogether.
For example, ‘ca’ (instead of cat)
What is consonant cluster reduction?
The child removes some consonant sounds from the word.
For example, ra-it’ instead of ‘rabbit’
What is substitution?
The child substitutes an easier phoneme in place of an easier one.
For example, ‘logurt’ instead of yoghurt
What is assimilation?
The child uses a sound from earlier or later in the word as it is easier to say.
For example, ‘lellow’ instead of ‘yellow’
What are Halliday’s 7 core functions that children use language for?
- Instrumental
- Regulatory
- Interactional
- Personal
- Heuristic
- Imaginative
- Representational
What is the instrumental function?
The child needs something
For example, ‘want drink’ or ‘need toilet’
What is the regulatory function?
The child wants something to happen
For example, ‘pass me juice’ or ‘come here’
What is the interactional function?
The child interacts with others
For example, ‘doggy play?’ or ‘love you mummy’
What is the personal function?
The child wants to express themselves
For example, ‘doggy good boy’ or ‘me no like cheese’