Child Health

Question 1

what are the two major causes of neonatal mortality?

Answer 1

1) congential anomalies

2) short gestation/LBW

Question 2

what are all the causes of neonatal mortality?

Answer 2

• congenital anomalies: born with something not right. more common is heart defect or spina bifida
• short/gestation/LBW
• maternal complications
• respiratory distress syndrome

Question 3

what can we do to prevent congential anomalies?

Answer 3

• prenatal screening
• immunizations
• folic acid supplementation: could reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by 50-70%

Question 4

what percent accounted for infant mortality for LBW? How does this percentage change with weight in grams?

Answer 4

• LBW accounted for 15% of 2000 infant mortality

* 87% first year mortality for 3500 grams

Question 5

how can we address prematurity and low birthweight?

Answer 5

prevention
-pregnancy planning
-prenatal care: such as adequate nutrition for the mom
treatment
-NICU systems: surfactant: lack of this causes collapse of lungs

Question 6

what are the causes of post-neonatal mortality?

Answer 6

• SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
• congential anomalies
• injuries
• pneumonia
• homicide

Question 7

what is SIDS and it’s epidemiology?

Answer 7

sudden, unexplained death in the first year. it occurs mainly between 1-9 months and its peak incidence is between 2-3 months

Question 8

what are the causes of death during early childhood (1-4yrs)?

Answer 8

• unintentional injury (motor vehicle)
• congenital anomalies
• homicide
• malignant neoplasms (tumor of cancerous cells)
• heart disease

Question 9

what are the causes of death during early school age (5-14yrs)?

Answer 9

• unintentional injury (motor vehicle, drowning)
• malignant neoplasms
• congential anomalies
• homicide
• suicide

Question 10

what are the causes of death teenage years (15-19yrs)?

Answer 10

• unintentional injury
• homicide
• suicide
• malignant neoplasm
• diseases of the heart

Question 11

what are the E’s of prevention?

Answer 11

• education
• engineering/environmental modifications
• economic incentives
• enactment/enforcement
• empowerment
• evaluation

Question 12

what is the most vulnerable time for mortality?

Answer 12

infancy (<1 yr)
followed by:
teens
early child hood
school age/teens

Question 13

what are the major causes of hospitalizations for the different age groups?

Answer 13

1-4yrs, 5-9yrs: diseases of the respiratory system
15-19yrs, 20-21 yrs: pregnancy and child birth for most age groups
*10-14yrs: mental disorders