Child Health Flashcards
A young child presents with fever and a seizure. You suspect encephalitis, what are the clinical signs of this condition?
Neck stiffness, headache, petechial rash, confusion
Growth impairment, smooth philtrum and hypertonia in a fetus are associated with what condition?
Foetal alcohol syndrome
Flat occiput, Brushfield spots in iris and upslanting palpebral fissures are some of the physical features seen in children with what condition?
Trisomy 21/Downs Sydrome
Sensorineural deafness, congenital cataracts, ‘blueberry muffin’ rash and salt-and-pepper chorioretinitis are characteristic of what foetal condition?
Congenital rubella syndrome
Other features also include microcephaly, low birthweight and organ dysfunction. Other symptoms and signs may include intrauterine growth retardation and neurological problems.
This can’t be treated so woman are told to get vaccinated 1 month prior to pregnancy to avoid this.
When is the foetus most at risk of congenital rubella syndrome?
If rubella is contracted at 8-10 weeks of gestation
A 30 year old woman has just given birth on the labour ward at 41 weeks gestation. The birth was an uncomplicated vaginal delivery but the midwife had noticed the presence of some green coloured liquor during delivery. At initial assessment, the newborn has noisy breathing, expiratory grunting and is using his accessory respiratory muscles. The APGAR score at 5 minutes is 7. Heart rate is 95 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 70 breaths per minute and the neonate appears pink.
Given the likely diagnosis, what is the most appropriate management plan?
What is included in an APGAR score? And what is considered normal?
The APGAR scoring system is a comprehensive screening tool which should be used to assess newborns at birth and can assist in identifying the need for any immediate attention/ intervention that baby needs
7-10 is considered “normal”
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in term neonates?
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn
It is more commonly seen in infants delivered via C section.
A 17-year-old girl presents with a 24-hour history of headaches, fevers and neck stiffness. Examination reveals a non-blanching purpuric rash on her legs and trunk. CSF microscopy shows elevated white cells and a gram-negative diplococcus. She is treated appropriately. She lives with her parents and 15-year-old brother.
Which of the following is the correct management for her family?
A 30 year old woman presents for a routine antenatal scan at 24 weeks gestation. The fetus was found to have a slow heart rate of 90 beats per minutes. The mother had a history of SLE diagnosed 6 years ago and was found to have positive anti-Ro and anti-La in her blood stream. Which of the following complications has the fetus developed?
A 30 year old woman presents for a routine antenatal scan at 24 weeks gestation. The fetus was found to have a slow heart rate of 90 beats per minutes. The mother had a history of SLE diagnosed 6 years ago and was found to have positive anti-Ro and anti-La in her blood stream. Which of the following complications has the fetus developed?
A mother is very concerned that her newborn baby is looking blue, after a forceps delivery. Which of the following is responsible for the closure of the ductus arteriosus at birth?
-Reduced level of prostaglandins
-Increased left atrial pressure
-Nitric oxide
-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
-Decreased oxygen tension
