Child health

Question 1

A child with ADHD is on Ritalin (methylphenidate) what needs to be monitored every 6 months

Answer 1

Weight and height

Ritalin is a stimulant and may suppress appetite and cause growth impairment in children

BP and pulse as well should be monitored

Question 2

Management of baby under 3 months with meningitis

Answer 2

IV amoxicillin + IV cefotaxime

Question 3

Mxm of baby more than 3 months with meningitis

Answer 3

IV cefotaxime

Question 4

Risk factors for developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 4

Female sex (6x !!)
Breech presentation
Positive family history
Firstborn children
Oligohydramnios
Birth weight >5kg
Congenital calcaneovalgus foot deformity

Question 5

What tests do you for developmental hip dysplasia

Answer 5

Barlow - dislocate articulated femoral head
Ortolani - relocate dislocated femoral head

Question 6

What is the diagnostic test for DHD

Answer 6

Ultrasound / x-ray

Question 7

What to consider if you hear bowel sounds on a respiratory exam of a baby

Answer 7

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 8

What further test should be carried out if a heel prick test shows raised level of trypsinogen in a 5 day old baby

Answer 8

Sweat test - CF (babies with CF have abnormally high sweat chloride - >60mEq/l)

Question 9

What vaccine do ages 13-18 yrs receive

Answer 9

Men ACWY vaccine - tetanus, diphtheria, polio

Question 10

What are the acyanotic lesions

Answer 10

VSD
ASD
PDA
Coarctation of aorta
Aortic valve stenosis

Question 11

What are the cyanotic lesions

Answer 11

tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries
Tricuspid atresia

Question 12

Management of croup

Answer 12

Dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg)

Question 13

What condition is likely to be with a steeple sign on x-ray

Answer 13

Croup

Question 14

Why is it important that a slipped upper femora epiphysis to be corrected quickly

Answer 14

Risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 15

What’s is the management of a slipped upper femoral epiphysis

Answer 15

Internal fixation across the growth plate

Question 16

What is the ponseti method

Answer 16

A process of serial manipulation and casting over a few weeks to treat clubfoot

Question 17

Who usually gets a slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 17

obese boys aged 10-15years

Commonly after trauma

Question 18

Why cyanotic heart lesion is associated with Down’s syndrome

Answer 18

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 19

What other condition is a child likely to have if they have nephrotic syndrome

Answer 19

minimal change glomerulonephritis

Question 20

What is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 20

Defined as a triad of:

Proteinuria >1g/m per 24 hours
Hypoalbuminaemia <25g/l
Oedema

Question 21

What hearing test is used to screen newborns for hearing problems

Answer 21

Otoacoustic emission test

Question 22

What hearing screen is used for newborns and infants

Answer 22

Auditory brain stem response test

Question 23

What hearing screen is used for 6-9 months

Answer 23

Distraction test

Question 24

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is ITP

Answer 24

Type II

ITP is brought on after a bout of viral infection usually ie glandular fever

Question 25

How is neonatal death classified

Answer 25

0-28 days

Question 26

A 2-year-old boy is seen by his GP as he has had recurrent respiratory infections requiring hospitalisation. The health visitor has also noted that his weight has dropped from the 4th to the 2nd centile on the growth chart. He was born at term with a normal birth weight.

On examination, it is noted that he has nasal polyps.

What is the most likely underlying problem?

Answer 26

CF - nasal polyps, recurrent chest infection, dropped weight

Question 27

When would children adopt the tripod position

Answer 27

If they have epiglottis

Question 28

What causes epiglottis

Answer 28

haemophilus influenza type B

Question 29

What is gold standard for diagnosis for hirschsprungs

Answer 29

Rectal biopsy