child health

Question 1

A child develops a pink maculopapular rash, initially on the face before spreading to the whole body. Suboccipital and postauricular lymphadenopathy is present

Answer 1

Rubella

Question 2

A child presents with fever, conjunctivitis and being irritable. He has also developed a maculopapular rash which started behind ears before spreading and becoming blotchy & confluent is a stereotypical history of:

Answer 2

measles

Question 3

a child presents with fever associated with an itchy, macular rash which then becomes vesicular

Answer 3

chicken pox

Question 4

most common cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 4

respiratory syncytial virus

Question 5

A newborn child is noted to have growth retardation, purpuric skin lesions, sensorineural deafness and seizures. Which one of the following congenital infections is most likely to be responsible?

Answer 5

cytomegalovirus

Question 6

blunted upper incisor teeth, keratitis, saber shins, saddle nose and deafness

Answer 6

syphilis

Question 7

short stature
diabetes mellitus
delayed puberty
rectal prolapse (due to bulky stools)
nasal polyps
male infertility, female subfertility

Answer 7

cystic fibrosis

Question 8

A 3-year-old develops oral ulcers associated with a mild fever and vesicles on the palms and soles

Answer 8

coxsakie A - hand, Foot and Mouth

Question 9

face: upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, Brushfield spots in iris, protruding tongue, small low-set ears, round/flat face
flat occiput
single palmar crease, pronounced ‘sandal gap’ between big and first toe
hypotonia
congenital heart defects (40-50%, see below)
duodenal atresia
Hirschsprung’s disease

Answer 9

Down’s syndrome

Question 10

red palms of the hands and the soles of the feet which later peel

Answer 10

Kawasaki

Question 11

Cyanotic

Answer 11

tetralogy of Fallot

tricuspid atresia

transposition of the great arteries

Question 12

Acyanotic

Answer 12

coarctation of the aorta

ventricular septal defect

aortic valve stenosis
atrial septal defect

Question 13

left subclavicular thrill
continuous 'machinery' murmur
large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure
heaving apex beat

Answer 13

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 14

elevated gonadotrophin levels

Answer 14

Turner’s syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 15

short stature
shield chest, widely spaced nipples
webbed neck
bicuspid aortic valve (15%), coarctation of the aorta (5-10%)
primary amenorrhoea
cystic hygroma (often diagnosed prenatally)
high-arched palate
short fourth metacarpal
multiple pigmented naevi
lymphoedema in neonates (especially feet)
gonadotrophin levels will be elevated
hypothyroidism is much more common in Turner’s
horseshoe kidney: the most common renal abnormality in Turner’s syndrome

Answer 15

Turner’s syndrome

Question 16

Koplik spots, conjunctivitis, fever, rash starting behind the ear

Answer 16

measles

Question 17

most common cause of croup

Answer 17

parainfluenza virus

Question 18

most common cause of epiglottitis

Answer 18

H. Influenzae