child growth and development Flashcards
describe the jaw relationship at birth
gums widely separated anteriorly
tongue resting on lower gum pad
tongue in contact with lower lip
when does primary eruption begin?
6 months
when does primary eruption finish?
24 months
how do the primary teeth erupt?
anterior to posterior
mandibular before maxillary
describe the primary dentition
incisors upright incisors spaced teeth smaller reduced overjet more white
what is sensorimotor?
object permanence
<2 yrs
what is preoperational thought?
predict outcomes of behaviour
2-7yrs
what are concrete operations?
ability to apply logical reasoning and consider other points of view
7-11 yrs
what are formal operations?
logical abstract thinking so dif possibilities for an action can be considered
>11yrs
what are the disorders of speech and language?
learning difficulties cerebral palsy autism delayed speech and language development head injury acquired neurological disorders dysphnia craniofacial disorders
describe a 1 y/o vocab
understands 20 words simple phrases related objects to words uses 2-3 words babble sounds b,d,m
describe 2 y/o vocab
understands simple commands questions joins in action songs uses 100 words 2 words together copies sounds p,t,k,g,n
describe 3 y/o vocab
understands prepositions functions of objects simple convo uses 4 word sentences relates experiences who,what,where sounds f,s,l
describe 4 y/o vocab
understands colours, numbers, tenses, complex instructions
uses long grammatical sentenses
relates stories
sounds v,z,ch,j
describe cleft lip speech
resonance
articulation
nasal emission
what tx may be needed for a cleft lip?
feeding early intervention input modelling articulation therapy communication support
what secondary surgery may be needed for cleft lip?
nasal revision fistula closure pharyngoplasty alveolar bone graft osteotomy
what things frighten children?
unknown needle-sight drill-sight, sound, sensation mutilation choking perceived expectation of ill-tx/trauma strangers
what are some manifestations of anxiety in children?
thumb-sucking clumsiness stuttering stomach pain headache dizzy fidgeting nail-biting nose-picking clinging to parent
what influences childrens fear?
behaviour of dentist psychological make-up understanding emotional development previous adverse experience attitude and family
what should you not do when treating anxious children?
bribe coax shout bully threaten allow child to have own wat
how to show empathy to kids
create safe environment kind empathetic approach with directive guidance reinforce allow child some control eg hand signal question for feeling -are you ok, are you getting tired?
what are the benefits of good dentist-child communication?
improves info obtained from px
enables dentist to communicate info to px
increases likelihood of px compliance
decreases anxiety
what are language alternatives?
cotton wool roll=tooth pillows
probe-pointer/tooth counter
etc.
when should you not use language alternatives?
with autistic children
-take things very literally
what has more impact than language used?
tone
-paralinguistic
non-verbal communication
-facial expression, bodily contact, spatial, gesture
how to reduce child anxiety?
preventing pain being friendly, establish trust working quickly calm manner moral support re-assure empathy
what increases fear?
ignoring/denying feelings inappropriate reassurance coercing/coaxing humiliating losing patience
when does a child have: normal oral tone rhythmic sucking primitive reflexes-gag, suck, swallow semi-reclined feeding position liquid diet
0-3 months
when does a child have: Head control More control of suck/swallow Munching Move towards a semi solid diet Starts babbling
4-6 months
when does a child have: Sitting feeding position Mashed consistency Finger food Upper lip involvement Chewing and bolus formation Bite reflex Mouthing
7-9 months
when does a child have: Lumpy food Sustained bite Active lip closure Chewing – lateralisation Cup drinking
10-12 months
what effects can the family unit have?
behaviour contagion well-intentioned but improper prep discuss dental tx w/i hearing of child enhance anxiety of child threaten child w/ dental
how should you assess a child?
pain past dental hx relevant past medical hx social history level of understanding and potential co-operation level of anxiety
