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BDS2 CDS paediatric dentistry > child growth and development > Flashcards

child growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

describe the jaw relationship at birth

A

gums widely separated anteriorly
tongue resting on lower gum pad
tongue in contact with lower lip

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2
Q

when does primary eruption begin?

A

6 months

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3
Q

when does primary eruption finish?

A

24 months

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4
Q

how do the primary teeth erupt?

A

anterior to posterior

mandibular before maxillary

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5
Q

describe the primary dentition

A 
incisors upright
incisors spaced
teeth smaller
reduced overjet
more white
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6
Q

what is sensorimotor?

A

object permanence

<2 yrs

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7
Q

what is preoperational thought?

A

predict outcomes of behaviour

2-7yrs

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8
Q

what are concrete operations?

A

ability to apply logical reasoning and consider other points of view
7-11 yrs

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9
Q

what are formal operations?

A

logical abstract thinking so dif possibilities for an action can be considered
>11yrs

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10
Q

what are the disorders of speech and language?

A 
learning difficulties
cerebral palsy
autism
delayed speech and language development
head injury
acquired neurological disorders
dysphnia
craniofacial disorders
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11
Q

describe a 1 y/o vocab

A 
understands 20 words
simple phrases
related objects to words
uses 2-3 words
babble
sounds b,d,m
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12
Q

describe 2 y/o vocab

A 
understands simple commands
questions
joins in action songs
uses 100 words
2 words together
copies
sounds p,t,k,g,n
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13
Q

describe 3 y/o vocab

A 
understands prepositions
functions of objects
simple convo
uses 4 word sentences
relates experiences
who,what,where
sounds f,s,l
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14
Q

describe 4 y/o vocab

A

understands colours, numbers, tenses, complex instructions
uses long grammatical sentenses
relates stories
sounds v,z,ch,j

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15
Q

describe cleft lip speech

A

resonance
articulation
nasal emission

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16
Q

what tx may be needed for a cleft lip?

A 
feeding
early intervention
input modelling
articulation therapy
communication support
17
Q

what secondary surgery may be needed for cleft lip?

A 
nasal revision
fistula closure
pharyngoplasty 
alveolar bone graft
osteotomy
18
Q

what things frighten children?

A 
unknown
needle-sight
drill-sight, sound, sensation
mutilation
choking
perceived expectation of ill-tx/trauma
strangers
19
Q

what are some manifestations of anxiety in children?

A 
thumb-sucking
clumsiness
stuttering
stomach pain
headache
dizzy
fidgeting
nail-biting
nose-picking
clinging to parent
20
Q

what influences childrens fear?

A 
behaviour of dentist
psychological make-up
understanding
emotional development
previous adverse experience
attitude and family
21
Q

what should you not do when treating anxious children?

A 
bribe
coax
shout
bully
threaten
allow child to have own wat
22
Q

how to show empathy to kids

A 
create safe environment
kind empathetic approach with directive guidance
reinforce
allow child some control eg hand signal
question for feeling
-are you ok, are you getting tired?
23
Q

what are the benefits of good dentist-child communication?

A

improves info obtained from px
enables dentist to communicate info to px
increases likelihood of px compliance
decreases anxiety

24
Q

what are language alternatives?

A

cotton wool roll=tooth pillows
probe-pointer/tooth counter
etc.

25
Q

when should you not use language alternatives?

A

with autistic children

-take things very literally

26
Q

what has more impact than language used?

A

tone
-paralinguistic
non-verbal communication
-facial expression, bodily contact, spatial, gesture

27
Q

how to reduce child anxiety?

A 
preventing pain
being friendly, establish trust
working quickly
calm manner
moral support
re-assure
empathy
28
Q

what increases fear?

A 
ignoring/denying feelings
inappropriate reassurance
coercing/coaxing
humiliating
losing patience
29
Q 
when does a child have:
normal oral tone
rhythmic sucking
primitive reflexes-gag, suck, swallow
semi-reclined feeding position
liquid diet
A

0-3 months

30
Q 
when does a child have:
Head control
More control of suck/swallow
Munching
Move towards a semi solid diet
Starts babbling
A

4-6 months

31
Q 
when does a child have:
Sitting feeding position
Mashed consistency
Finger food
Upper lip involvement
Chewing and bolus formation
Bite reflex 
Mouthing
A

7-9 months

32
Q 
when does a child have:
Lumpy food
Sustained bite
Active lip closure
Chewing – lateralisation
Cup drinking
A

10-12 months

33
Q

what effects can the family unit have?

A 
behaviour contagion
well-intentioned but improper prep
discuss dental tx w/i hearing of child
enhance anxiety of child
threaten child w/ dental
34
Q

how should you assess a child?

A 
pain
past dental hx
relevant past medical hx
social history
level of understanding and potential co-operation
level of anxiety

BDS2 CDS paediatric dentistry (3 decks)

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