child growth and development

Question 1

describe the jaw relationship at birth

Answer 1

gums widely separated anteriorly
tongue resting on lower gum pad
tongue in contact with lower lip

Question 2

when does primary eruption begin?

Answer 2

6 months

Question 3

when does primary eruption finish?

Answer 3

24 months

Question 4

how do the primary teeth erupt?

Answer 4

anterior to posterior

mandibular before maxillary

Question 5

describe the primary dentition

Answer 5

incisors upright
incisors spaced
teeth smaller
reduced overjet
more white

Question 6

what is sensorimotor?

Answer 6

object permanence

<2 yrs

Question 7

what is preoperational thought?

Answer 7

predict outcomes of behaviour

2-7yrs

Question 8

what are concrete operations?

Answer 8

ability to apply logical reasoning and consider other points of view
7-11 yrs

Question 9

what are formal operations?

Answer 9

logical abstract thinking so dif possibilities for an action can be considered
>11yrs

Question 10

what are the disorders of speech and language?

Answer 10

learning difficulties
cerebral palsy
autism
delayed speech and language development
head injury
acquired neurological disorders
dysphnia
craniofacial disorders

Question 11

describe a 1 y/o vocab

Answer 11

understands 20 words
simple phrases
related objects to words
uses 2-3 words
babble
sounds b,d,m

Question 12

describe 2 y/o vocab

Answer 12

understands simple commands
questions
joins in action songs
uses 100 words
2 words together
copies
sounds p,t,k,g,n

Question 13

describe 3 y/o vocab

Answer 13

understands prepositions
functions of objects
simple convo
uses 4 word sentences
relates experiences
who,what,where
sounds f,s,l

Question 14

describe 4 y/o vocab

Answer 14

understands colours, numbers, tenses, complex instructions
uses long grammatical sentenses
relates stories
sounds v,z,ch,j

Question 15

describe cleft lip speech

Answer 15

resonance
articulation
nasal emission

Question 16

what tx may be needed for a cleft lip?

Answer 16

feeding
early intervention
input modelling
articulation therapy
communication support

Question 17

what secondary surgery may be needed for cleft lip?

Answer 17

nasal revision
fistula closure
pharyngoplasty 
alveolar bone graft
osteotomy

Question 18

what things frighten children?

Answer 18

unknown
needle-sight
drill-sight, sound, sensation
mutilation
choking
perceived expectation of ill-tx/trauma
strangers

Question 19

what are some manifestations of anxiety in children?

Answer 19

thumb-sucking
clumsiness
stuttering
stomach pain
headache
dizzy
fidgeting
nail-biting
nose-picking
clinging to parent

Question 20

what influences childrens fear?

Answer 20

behaviour of dentist
psychological make-up
understanding
emotional development
previous adverse experience
attitude and family

Question 21

what should you not do when treating anxious children?

Answer 21

bribe
coax
shout
bully
threaten
allow child to have own wat

Question 22

how to show empathy to kids

Answer 22

create safe environment
kind empathetic approach with directive guidance
reinforce
allow child some control eg hand signal
question for feeling
-are you ok, are you getting tired?

Question 23

what are the benefits of good dentist-child communication?

Answer 23

improves info obtained from px
enables dentist to communicate info to px
increases likelihood of px compliance
decreases anxiety

Question 24

what are language alternatives?

Answer 24

cotton wool roll=tooth pillows
probe-pointer/tooth counter
etc.

Question 25

when should you not use language alternatives?

Answer 25

with autistic children | -take things very literally

Question 26

what has more impact than language used?

Answer 26

tone -paralinguistic non-verbal communication -facial expression, bodily contact, spatial, gesture

Question 27

how to reduce child anxiety?

Answer 27

``` preventing pain being friendly, establish trust working quickly calm manner moral support re-assure empathy ```

Question 28

what increases fear?

Answer 28

``` ignoring/denying feelings inappropriate reassurance coercing/coaxing humiliating losing patience ```

Question 29

``` when does a child have: normal oral tone rhythmic sucking primitive reflexes-gag, suck, swallow semi-reclined feeding position liquid diet ```

Answer 29

0-3 months

Question 30

``` when does a child have: Head control More control of suck/swallow Munching Move towards a semi solid diet Starts babbling ```

Answer 30

4-6 months

Question 31

``` when does a child have: Sitting feeding position Mashed consistency Finger food Upper lip involvement Chewing and bolus formation Bite reflex Mouthing ```

Answer 31

7-9 months

Question 32

``` when does a child have: Lumpy food Sustained bite Active lip closure Chewing – lateralisation Cup drinking ```

Answer 32

10-12 months

Question 33

what effects can the family unit have?

Answer 33

``` behaviour contagion well-intentioned but improper prep discuss dental tx w/i hearing of child enhance anxiety of child threaten child w/ dental ```

Question 34

how should you assess a child?

Answer 34

``` pain past dental hx relevant past medical hx social history level of understanding and potential co-operation level of anxiety ```