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Med 2 - Week 40 > Child Development: Toddler > Flashcards

Child Development: Toddler Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 stages of play development? What years do they occur in?

A
  1. Solitary play - birth to 2
  2. Spectator - 2 years
  3. Parallel play - 2+ years
  4. Associative play - 3 to 4 years
  5. Cooperative play - 4+ years
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2
Q

what is symbolic play?

A

type of play where the child uses one thing to stand in for another

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3
Q

What is symbolic play linked to?

A

closely linked to language development

  • emerges when children have their first words
  • if children are struggling with language development they may struggle with pretend play
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4
Q

What are the 5 stages of pretend play development? What ages are they associated with?

A
  1. Self pretend (12-18 months)
  2. Simple pretend (18-24 months)
  3. Series of familiar actions (24-30 months)
  4. Series of less familiar actions (30-36 months)
  5. Role playing with other children (3-5 years)
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5
Q

What are some features of cognitive development in preschoolers?

A

Increasing symbolic thought –> being to grasp dual representation

Egocentric thinking

Animistic and magical thinking

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6
Q

At the preschooler age, are children generally able to conceptualize conservation (ie. same amount of water in two different containers will look different)

A

Not yet

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7
Q

Cognitive Development milestones: 2-3 years

A
  1. matches shapes and colours
  2. completes a foam board
  3. points to self in pictures
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8
Q

Cognitive Development milestones: 3 years

A
  1. draws a 2-3 part person
  2. knows own gender and age
  3. matches letters and numbers
  4. understands long/short, big/small, more/less
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9
Q

Cognitive Development milestones: 4 years

A
  1. draws 4-6 part person
  2. points to letters/numbers when named
  3. Counts to 4
  4. Knows 4 colours
  5. can “read” common signs
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10
Q

Cognitive Development milestones: 5 years

A
  1. Draws an 8-10 part person
  2. Counts to 10, knows 10 colours
  3. Can read 25 words
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11
Q

What are two key features of speech and language development that happen at the preschool age?

A
  1. Vocabulary increases rapidly from 50-100 words to >2000 words
  2. Sentence structure advances
    * # words in a sentence roughly equals the child’s age
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12
Q

What is the best indicator of cognitive development in infancy/childhood?

A

Language development

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13
Q

Language milestones: 2 years

A
  1. 2 word sentences
  2. Follows 2 step directions
  3. approx 200 words
  4. speech is 50% intelligible
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14
Q

Language milestones: 3 years

A
  1. 3-5 word sentences
  2. follows 3 step commands
  3. short conversations
  4. can ask what and why questions
  5. 75% intelligible
  6. knows 3 pieces of self info (name, age, sex)
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15
Q

Language milestones: 4-5 years

A
  1. 1000+ words
  2. sentences with complex grammatical features
  3. 100% intelligible
  4. meaningful conversations
  5. Can tell stories
  6. starting to learn to read
  7. can differentiate between literal and non-literal meanings
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16
Q

What % of preschoolers will have speech/language delays?

A

16%

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17
Q

What % of school aged children have language disorders?

A

2-3%

18
Q

What % of school aged children have speech disorders?

A

3-6%

19
Q

What are 4 risk factors associated with language/speech delays?

A
  1. Lower SES
  2. Male gender
  3. Genetics/Family hx
  4. Premature birth
20
Q

What test needs to be ordered first for a child with language/speech delay?

A

Hearing assessment

21
Q

What are some speech/language red flags at 3 years old?

A
  1. Not independently combining words into 3-4 word sentences
  2. Can’t answer simple questions
  3. consistently leaving off first/last sounds in words
  4. frequent errors in vowel sounds
  5. stuttering for more than 6 months
22
Q

What are some speech/language red flags at 4-5 years?

A
  1. Not independently producing 4-5 word complex sentences
  2. Peers/adults don’t consistently understand speech
  3. Doesn’t answer the 5 ‘W’ questions
  4. Doesn’t tell simple stories about recent events.
23
Q

What are some general features of gross motor development in preschool aged children?

A

Most can run and walk well

Beyond this age there is a wide variating in ability

24
Q

Gross motor milestones age: 3 years

A
  1. walks and runs well
  2. balances on each foot for 3 seconds
  3. pedals tricycle
  4. walks up stairs, alternates feet with no railing
  5. catches ball with stiff arms
25
Q

Gross motor milestones age: 4 years

A
  1. balances on one for for 4-8 seconds
  2. hops on one foot 2-3 times
  3. catches bounced ball
26
Q

Gross motor milestones age: 5

A
  1. balances on one foot > 8 seconds
  2. hops on one foot 15 times
  3. walks downstairs with rail, alternating feet
  4. Skips
  5. rides a two wheeler
27
Q

Fine motor milestones age: 3 years

A
  1. 10 cube tower and can imitate a “bridge” of cubes
  2. handedness usually established
  3. can copy a cross
28
Q

Fine motor milestones age: 4 years

A
  1. draws person with 2-4 parts

2. copies square

29
Q

Fine motor milestones age: 5 years

A
  1. imitates “steps” with blocks
  2. copies triangle
  3. cuts with scissors
  4. writes first name
30
Q

What is temperament?

A

a child’s behavioural style which determines how they respond to various situations and express and regulate their emotions

31
Q

What are the 3 types of child temperaments?

A
  1. Easy (40%)
  2. Difficult (10%)
  3. Slow to warm up (5-15%)

40% of children will have a mixture of qualities

32
Q

What are the 3 emotions shown to be present from birth?

A

anger, joy, and fear

33
Q

What is a speech/language red flags at 9 months?

A

No babbling

34
Q

What is a speech/language red flags at 15 months?

A

No first words

35
Q

What is a speech/language red flags at 18 months?

A

No consistent words

36
Q

What is a speech/language red flags at 24 months?

A

No word combinations

37
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 6 months?

A

No smiling

38
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 9 months?

A

lack of reciprocal vocalizations, smiles, or facial expressions

39
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 12 months?

A

No response to name

40
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 15 months?

A

Lack of proto-declarative pointing

41
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 18 months?

A

lack of simple pretend play, lack of spoken/gesture combinations

42
Q

What is a social/emotional red flag at 24 months?

A

lack of 2 word spontaneous phrases

Med 2 - Week 40 (3 decks)

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