Child Development Final Exam December 2023 Flashcards
What does the acronym PIES stand for?
Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social.
Define uterus.
Hallow, muscular organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.
Define fallopian tube.
Connects the ovaries to the uterus and serve as a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus.
Define ovaries.
Produce eggs and release them during ovulation, as well as produce hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Define sperm.
Capable of fertilizing an egg to initiate pregnancy. Released during ejaculation and travel through the male to the female reproductive system for fertilization.
List the 3 stages of pregnancy in order and the name the baby is referred to in each stage.
germinal - zygote
embryonic - embryo
fetal - fetus
Define PKU.
Phenylketonuria, affects the body’s ability to break down an amino acid called phenylalanine.
Define Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Occurs when a baby is exposed to alcohol in the womb, can cause a range of physical, mental, and developmental disabilities.
Define Down Syndrome.
Occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, can cause intellectual and developmental delays.
What is the difference between stillbirth and miscarriage?
Miscarriage is the loss of baby before 20 weeks, stillbirth is after 20 weeks.
How many chromosomes does a typical baby receive from each parent?
23.
Define lightening.
The baby moving lower into the pelvis as the due date approaches.
Define dominant gene.
The stronger or more influential gene.
Define surrogate mother.
A woman who carries a pregnancy on behalf of another person or couple.
List 5 benefits to breastfeeding.
Nutritional benefits, immune system support, bonding and emotional connection, convenience and cost-effectiveness, long-term health benefits.
How are identical and fraternal twins formed?
Identical twins are formed when a single fertilized egg splits into two, fraternal twins are formed when two separate eggs are fertilized.
Give 2 examples of foods that should be avoided when a woman is pregnant.
Raw or uncooked seafood, unpasteurized dairy products
List 2 physical milestones reached during month 3 and 8.
3 - baby develops organs and body systems.
8 - rapid growth and development.
Define the rooting reflex.
A natural instinct that babies have that cause them to turn their head and look for something to suck on for feeding.
Give 4 reasons why you should read to children.
Language development, cognitive development, bonding and emotional connection, building a love for reading
Define in-vitro fertilization.
A way to help people who can’t have a baby on their own, combines an egg and sperm in a lab, and then puts the fertilized egg into the woman’s uterus.
Define gross motor skills and give 2 examples.
Coordination and control of larger muscles. Running and kicking a ball.
Define fine motor skills and give 2 examples.
Coordination and control of smaller muscles. Writing and tying shoelaces.
Define amniotic fluid.
Clear, watery fluid that provides a stable environment for the fetus.
How do the umbilical cord and placenta relate?
The umbilical cord connects the baby to the placenta.
Compare and contrast an Obstetrician and Gynecologist.
An Obstetrician specializes in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. A Gynecologist focuses on women’s health, even outside pregnancy.
What is the difference between a bacterial and viral STD?
Bacterial is caused by bacteria and viral is caused by viruses.
What bacterial STD can transfer to an unborn baby in utero if left unteated?
Syphilis.
In the final stage of labor/delivery is the “after birth” which occurs about 20 minutes after birth. Describe what happens during this stage.
The placenta and the remaining membranes are expelled from the mother’s body.
