Child Development Exam #2 Flashcards
A child’s physical abilities that involve large
movements such as running, climbing, and
jumping are called _____ motor skills.
gross
According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial skill
that is associated with early childhood is the
development of:
initiative
Shae believes that she must be a very important
person because the moon follows her when she
rides with her parents in the car. This kind of
thinking is typical for children in Piaget’s _____
stage of cognitive development
preoperational
According to the textbook, one factor that has
led to a reduction in the amount of time children
spend playing outside is
the Internet coupled with tempting high-tech
toys
Megan shows her 4-year-old son Tristan a wide,
short glass of orange juice. Then he watches as
she pours the liquid into a taller, slimmer glass.
“Which glass has more juice?” she asks. Megan is
testing Tristan’s understanding of
conservation
When he saw that his mother was upset, 4-yearold Theo offered her his favorite teddy bear for
comfort. According to Piaget, this act indicates
egocentrism
_____ is the process of teaching new skills by
entering a child’s zone of proximal development
and tailoring one’s efforts to that person’s
competence level
Scaffolding
The smallest units of meaning of a language are
called
morphemes
Cay tells their mother “I saw two mouses at the
zoo!” This is an example of
overregularization
A 2-year-old asks his mother for milk by saying,
“Me milk.” How many MLUs (mean length of
utterance) does this sentence have?
. two
When researchers use the standard falsebelief task, theory of mind, children’s ability to
understand that other people have different beliefs
and perspectives from their own appears at around
age
4 or 5
Past-talk conversations help young children
establish autobiographical memories and a
stable, ongoing self
According to gender _____ theory, once
children understand their own category, they
selectively attend to the activities of their own sex.
schema
Which of the following children would be likely
to pass a theory of mind task at an earlier age than
their peers?
Martina, who grew up in a bilingual home and can
speak both English and Spanish fluently
Which type of syndrome involves symptoms
that indicate deficits in theory of mind, symptoms
such as an inability to have typical conversations,
difficulties in sharing feelings, and a lack of
connections with adults and friends?
autism spectrum disorders
The _____ lobes of the cerebral cortex are
responsible for reasoning and planning our
actions.
frontal
A child who is incredibly anxious, has terrible
self-esteem, and has difficulties in social situations
would be classified as having _____ tendencies.
internalizing
An older child who is better able to reflect on
their inner state, abilities, and actions is showing
increased:
self-awareness
The term used to describe how people manage
their feelings so that those feelings don’t interfere
with living productive lives is:
emotional regulation
Jerald tells his mother that he doesn’t have any
friends and that no one likes him. His teacher
reports that he is consistently getting into trouble.
According to Harter, Jerald is having difficulties in
which two self-esteem domains?
behavioral conduct and peer likeability
A child who has very low self-esteem and often
gives up on tasks without trying or after very
minimal effort shows signs of
learned helplessness
Amanda’s preschool teacher says she loves to
share her toys with the other kids and is often
concerned about others. Amanda is
demonstrating
. prosocial behaviors
A state of feeling upset for a person who needs
help rather than experiencing that other person’s
actual feelings is called
sympathy
Victor is enraged after learning that he failed his
science test. As he leaves class, he kicks over a
trash can. Victor is showing _____ aggression.
reactive
A term used to describe a discipline style that
adults can use for socializing prosocial behaviors
in children is
induction
Jessi invites the girls in her class to her
birthday party except Machiah. She also tells other
girls that Machiah is dumb and that she dresses
badly. Jessi is showing _____ aggression.
relational
Stefan is rarely described by peers as a “mostliked” child, but he also is not likely to be described
as disliked either. He would be described as a(n)
_____ child.
average
Which of the following is NOT considered to be
one of the protective and teaching functions of
friendships?
Friends teach us the value of competition
Gia is regularly harassed and bullied by some
of the more popular kids in her class. She, in turn,
bullies the far smaller and weaker kids. Gia is an
example of a:
bully-victim
Which feature of a rejected child is most
associated with an increased risk of developing
psychological problems as a young adult?
being friendless
For people living in a dangerous environment,
the best parenting response might be to act more
authoritarian
This parenting style is characterized by
expressing clear standards and structure as well
as appropriate flexibility and sensitivity to a child’s
needs.
authoritative
Which of the following is a risk factor for child
abuse?
a.personality problems in the parent
b. life stress and social isolation in the parents
c. a child who is more emotionally fragile
All of the following foster resilience in“at-risk”
children EXCEPT when the child
has parent(s) with an authoritative style.
Which of the following statements best
summarizes the impact of divorce on children?
Children adjust best to divorce when it is
relatively free from conflict.
A class has just taken a test to measure
students’ reading ability. This test is a(n)
achievement test
A child scoring in the 50th percentile for their
age group on an IQ test would have an IQ of
100
The appropriate term to describe children with
impaired cognitive functioning, deficits in behavior,
and an IQ of 70 or below is
intellectual disability
Lenae has had her drawings published in national
magazines and has been invited to prepare her artwork for
a local gallery; however, she always had academic
problems and just barely managed to graduate from high
school. Sternberg would say that Lenae is relatively high in
_____ intelligence and relatively low in _____ intelligence.
creative; analytic
Mark loves to practice the guitar for his own
enjoyment. Mark’s guitar playing is
intrinsically motivated
Outstanding teachers do all of the following
EXCEPT
encourage competition by reporting class
grade averages
Teachers find that providing challenging,
conceptual work is best for
all children
Which of the following is a teaching tip that is
based on Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of
intelligence?
Explicitly teach students to use their
different intelligences in mastering
classroom work.
True or false: Dyslexia is inherited and seems
to involve several possible genetic variants.
True
_____ is the drive to act based on getting
specific reinforcers, such as praise, money, or a
good grade.
Extrinsic motivation
