Child Development Exam #2

Question 1

A child’s physical abilities that involve large
movements such as running, climbing, and
jumping are called _____ motor skills.

Answer 1

gross

Question 2

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial skill
that is associated with early childhood is the
development of:

Answer 2

initiative

Question 3

Shae believes that she must be a very important
person because the moon follows her when she
rides with her parents in the car. This kind of
thinking is typical for children in Piaget’s _____
stage of cognitive development

Answer 3

preoperational

Question 4

According to the textbook, one factor that has
led to a reduction in the amount of time children
spend playing outside is

Answer 4

the Internet coupled with tempting high-tech
toys

Question 5

Megan shows her 4-year-old son Tristan a wide,
short glass of orange juice. Then he watches as
she pours the liquid into a taller, slimmer glass.
“Which glass has more juice?” she asks. Megan is
testing Tristan’s understanding of

Answer 5

conservation

Question 6

When he saw that his mother was upset, 4-yearold Theo offered her his favorite teddy bear for
comfort. According to Piaget, this act indicates

Answer 6

egocentrism

Question 7

_____ is the process of teaching new skills by
entering a child’s zone of proximal development
and tailoring one’s efforts to that person’s
competence level

Answer 7

Scaffolding

Question 8

The smallest units of meaning of a language are
called

Answer 8

morphemes

Question 9

Cay tells their mother “I saw two mouses at the
zoo!” This is an example of

Answer 9

overregularization

Question 10

A 2-year-old asks his mother for milk by saying,
“Me milk.” How many MLUs (mean length of
utterance) does this sentence have?

Answer 10

. two

Question 11

When researchers use the standard falsebelief task, theory of mind, children’s ability to
understand that other people have different beliefs
and perspectives from their own appears at around
age

Answer 11

4 or 5

Question 12

Past-talk conversations help young children

Answer 12

establish autobiographical memories and a
stable, ongoing self

Question 13

According to gender _____ theory, once
children understand their own category, they
selectively attend to the activities of their own sex.

Answer 13

schema

Question 14

Which of the following children would be likely
to pass a theory of mind task at an earlier age than
their peers?

Answer 14

Martina, who grew up in a bilingual home and can
speak both English and Spanish fluently

Question 15

Which type of syndrome involves symptoms
that indicate deficits in theory of mind, symptoms
such as an inability to have typical conversations,
difficulties in sharing feelings, and a lack of
connections with adults and friends?

Answer 15

autism spectrum disorders

Question 16

The _____ lobes of the cerebral cortex are
responsible for reasoning and planning our
actions.

Answer 16

frontal

Question 17

A child who is incredibly anxious, has terrible
self-esteem, and has difficulties in social situations
would be classified as having _____ tendencies.

Answer 17

internalizing

Question 18

An older child who is better able to reflect on
their inner state, abilities, and actions is showing
increased:

Answer 18

self-awareness

Question 19

The term used to describe how people manage
their feelings so that those feelings don’t interfere
with living productive lives is:

Answer 19

emotional regulation

Question 20

Jerald tells his mother that he doesn’t have any
friends and that no one likes him. His teacher
reports that he is consistently getting into trouble.
According to Harter, Jerald is having difficulties in
which two self-esteem domains?

Answer 20

behavioral conduct and peer likeability

Question 21

A child who has very low self-esteem and often
gives up on tasks without trying or after very
minimal effort shows signs of

Answer 21

learned helplessness

Question 22

Amanda’s preschool teacher says she loves to
share her toys with the other kids and is often
concerned about others. Amanda is
demonstrating

Answer 22

. prosocial behaviors

Question 23

A state of feeling upset for a person who needs
help rather than experiencing that other person’s
actual feelings is called

Answer 23

sympathy

Question 24

Victor is enraged after learning that he failed his
science test. As he leaves class, he kicks over a
trash can. Victor is showing _____ aggression.

Answer 24

reactive

Question 25

A term used to describe a discipline style that
adults can use for socializing prosocial behaviors
in children is

Answer 25

induction

Question 26

Jessi invites the girls in her class to her
birthday party except Machiah. She also tells other
girls that Machiah is dumb and that she dresses
badly. Jessi is showing _____ aggression.

Answer 26

relational

Question 27

Stefan is rarely described by peers as a “mostliked” child, but he also is not likely to be described
as disliked either. He would be described as a(n)
_____ child.

Answer 27

average

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT considered to be
one of the protective and teaching functions of
friendships?

Answer 28

Friends teach us the value of competition

Question 29

Gia is regularly harassed and bullied by some
of the more popular kids in her class. She, in turn,
bullies the far smaller and weaker kids. Gia is an
example of a:

Answer 29

bully-victim

Question 30

Which feature of a rejected child is most
associated with an increased risk of developing
psychological problems as a young adult?

Answer 30

being friendless

Question 31

For people living in a dangerous environment,
the best parenting response might be to act more

Answer 31

authoritarian

Question 32

This parenting style is characterized by
expressing clear standards and structure as well
as appropriate flexibility and sensitivity to a child’s
needs.

Answer 32

authoritative

Question 33

Which of the following is a risk factor for child
abuse?

Answer 33

a.personality problems in the parent
b. life stress and social isolation in the parents
c. a child who is more emotionally fragile

Question 34

All of the following foster resilience in“at-risk”
children EXCEPT when the child

Answer 34

has parent(s) with an authoritative style.

Question 35

Which of the following statements best
summarizes the impact of divorce on children?

Answer 35

Children adjust best to divorce when it is
relatively free from conflict.

Question 36

A class has just taken a test to measure
students’ reading ability. This test is a(n)

Answer 36

achievement test

Question 37

A child scoring in the 50th percentile for their
age group on an IQ test would have an IQ of

Answer 37

100

Question 38

The appropriate term to describe children with
impaired cognitive functioning, deficits in behavior,
and an IQ of 70 or below is

Answer 38

intellectual disability

Question 39

Lenae has had her drawings published in national
magazines and has been invited to prepare her artwork for
a local gallery; however, she always had academic
problems and just barely managed to graduate from high
school. Sternberg would say that Lenae is relatively high in
_____ intelligence and relatively low in _____ intelligence.

Answer 39

creative; analytic

Question 40

Mark loves to practice the guitar for his own
enjoyment. Mark’s guitar playing is

Answer 40

intrinsically motivated

Question 41

Outstanding teachers do all of the following
EXCEPT

Answer 41

encourage competition by reporting class
grade averages

Question 42

Teachers find that providing challenging,
conceptual work is best for

Answer 42

all children

Question 43

Which of the following is a teaching tip that is
based on Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of
intelligence?

Answer 43

Explicitly teach students to use their
different intelligences in mastering
classroom work.

Question 44

True or false: Dyslexia is inherited and seems
to involve several possible genetic variants.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

_____ is the drive to act based on getting
specific reinforcers, such as praise, money, or a
good grade.

Answer 45

Extrinsic motivation