Child development: ATTACHMENT

Question 1

What is John Bowlby’s attachment theory?

Answer 1

Early life experienecs strongly influence later adult functioning and vulnerability to psychopathology.

Question 2

What are three benefits of secure attachment?

Answer 2

• Child has better view of self & self in relation to others
• Social competence
• Better regulation of emotions (expression, recognition, dealing with stress)

Question 3

At what age is the ‘pre-attachment’ stage?

Answer 3

0-2 months

Question 4

What developmental stage is 0-2 months?

Answer 4

Pre-attachment

Question 5

At what age is the ‘attachment in the making’ stage?

Answer 5

2-7 months

Question 6

At what age is the ‘clear-cut attachment’ stage?

Answer 6

7-24 months

Question 7

At what age is the ‘goal corrected partnership’ stage?

Answer 7

24 months+

Question 8

What developmental stage is 2-7 months?

Answer 8

Attachment in the making

Question 9

What developmental stage is 7-24 months?

Answer 9

Clear-cut attachment

Question 10

What developmental stage is 24+ months?

Answer 10

Goal corrected partnership

Question 11

At what age does stranger anxiety occur?

Answer 11

Around 10 months

Question 12

At what age does separation distress occur?

Answer 12

Around 12 months

Question 13

Who created the ‘strange situation’ study?

Answer 13

Mary Ainsworth

Question 14

What creates a securely attached child?

Answer 14

Parents who consistently (or almost always) respond to their child’s needs will create securely attached children. Such children are certain that their parents will be responsive to their needs and communications.

Question 15

What did Field et al find in 1982 regarding the child/parent relationship?

Answer 15

Babies will mirror the facial expressions of their mothers

Question 16

What did Harlow and Harlow find are key maternal qualities when studying monkeys?

Answer 16

Food, warmth, contact, rocking

Question 17

What are four characteristics of attachments in young children?

Answer 17

• Selective
• Involve physical proximity seeking
• Provide comfort and security
• Produce separation distress

Question 18

What are the four types of attachment?

Answer 18

Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, disorganised

Question 19

In the strange situation study, what is the reaction of a securely attached child?

Answer 19

Child stays close to mum, upset by her leaving and greets her positively.

Question 20

In the strange situation study, what is the reaction of an insecurely aviodant attached child?

Answer 20

Avoids contact with mum on reunion, ok when left with stranger

Question 21

In the strange situation study, what is the reaction of an insecurely resistant attached child?

Answer 21

Very upset by mum leaving, on return difficult to console, child both seeks comfort and resists it.

Question 22

What type of attachment means the child stays close to mum, is upset by her leaving and greets her positively in the strange situation study?

Answer 22

Secure

Question 23

What type of attachment means the child avoids contact with mum on reunion and is ok when left with stranger in the strange situation study?

Answer 23

Insecure avoidant

Question 24

What type of attachment means the child is very upset by mum leaving, on return is difficult to console, both seeks comfort and resists in the strange situation study?

Answer 24

Insecure resistant

Question 25

What did the Minnesota Longitudinal Study find?

Answer 25

5 year old children who had been insecurely attached as infants were:

• more reliant on teachers
• more socially isolated
• more often rated by teachers as passive and easily frustrated.