Child development Flashcards
What are the four domains of child development?
Gross motor and posture
Fine motor and visual
Language and hearing
Social, emotional and behaviours
Define child development
The global impression of a child which encompasses growth, increasing understanding, acquisition of skills and sophistication of behaviours. It is the process of increasing the complexity of skills to function within society.
Baby—> adult
What are the key gross motor and posture milestones
Newborn=limbs flexed and symmetrical posture 6-8wks= sits without support 8-9mnth= crawls 12 mnths=unsteady walking 15 mnths steady walking
What are the key fine motor and visual milestones?
6wks follows object moving face 4 mnths= reaches for toys 4-6mnths= palmar grip 10 mnths= pincher grip (honestly there's alot)
When do babies start to laugh?
At 3-4 mnths along with coos
When can babies speak in 3 to 4 word sentences?
2.5-3 years old
How many words can a baby say by:
12mnths
18mnths
12= 2-3 (excluding mama and dada) 18= 6-10 words
What are the major social behaviour and play milestones?
6 wks= smiles responsively 6-8mnths= puts food into mouth 10-12 mnths= waves and plays peek-a-boo 12mnth= drinks from sippie cup 18mnths= uses spoon to feed self
What are the primitive reflexes?
Stepping, moro, grasp, asymmetrical tonic reflex and rooting.
Define developmental milestone
The acquisition of a key performance skill.
Define limit ages
The maximum age at which a milestone should be reached ( 2 standard deviations from the mean)
How can developmental progress be assessed?
Through screening or standardised developmental tools
What are the three main patterns of developmental delay?
Slow and steady
Plateu
Regression (loss of previously acquired skills)
What is the difference between consonant delay and dissonant delay?
Consonant effects all domains equally, but in dissonant delay the domains are affected to different extents.
What is the main risk to development caused by folate deficiency?
neural tube defects
Name 3 causes of global developmental delay
Down’s syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, meningitis and trauma.
What can cause talking delays?
Stammer, hearing deficit, maturation delay and environmental factors.
What developmental delay be caused by cerebral palsy?
Walking delay.
What specific questions would be useful whilst taking a history regarding a child with developmental delay?
Antenatal - illness, infection, drugs (both sorts) Birth- prem, prolonged, complicated? Postnatal-infection, trauma Consanguinity Developmental milestones
What examinations would you do as part of a developmental assessment?
Growth- height, weight, HC, dysmorphia?
neuorlogical and skin check
systems examination to identify associations
standardised developmental assessments (SOGSII, griffiths and denver)
Which HCP may be involved in an MDT approach to caring for a child with developmental delay.
Paediatrician, special health visitor, speech and language therapist, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and psychologists.
Define autism
Neurobiological disorder characterised by qualitative impairment of social interactions and communication. Also restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behaviour, interest and activities.
What comorbidities are associated with autism?
Learning, attention difficulties and epilepsy
What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity lasting >6mnths and starting <7yrs not consistent with normal development.
These should be present in more than one setting and cause significant social or school impairment.
What is ADHD associated with in terms of adult life
Antisocial personality, criminal behaviour and substance abuse.
