Child development

Question 1

What are the four domains of child development?

Answer 1

Gross motor and posture
Fine motor and visual
Language and hearing
Social, emotional and behaviours

Question 2

Define child development

Answer 2

The global impression of a child which encompasses growth, increasing understanding, acquisition of skills and sophistication of behaviours. It is the process of increasing the complexity of skills to function within society.
Baby—> adult

Question 3

What are the key gross motor and posture milestones

Answer 3

Newborn=limbs flexed and symmetrical posture
6-8wks= sits without support
8-9mnth= crawls
12 mnths=unsteady walking
15 mnths steady walking

Question 4

What are the key fine motor and visual milestones?

Answer 4

6wks follows object moving face
4 mnths= reaches for toys
4-6mnths= palmar grip
10 mnths= pincher grip
(honestly there's alot)

Question 5

When do babies start to laugh?

Answer 5

At 3-4 mnths along with coos

Question 6

When can babies speak in 3 to 4 word sentences?

Answer 6

2.5-3 years old

Question 7

How many words can a baby say by:
12mnths
18mnths

Answer 7

12= 2-3 (excluding mama and dada)
18= 6-10 words

Question 8

What are the major social behaviour and play milestones?

Answer 8

6 wks= smiles responsively
6-8mnths= puts food into mouth
10-12 mnths= waves and plays peek-a-boo
12mnth= drinks from sippie cup
18mnths= uses spoon to feed self

Question 9

What are the primitive reflexes?

Answer 9

Stepping, moro, grasp, asymmetrical tonic reflex and rooting.

Question 10

Define developmental milestone

Answer 10

The acquisition of a key performance skill.

Question 11

Define limit ages

Answer 11

The maximum age at which a milestone should be reached ( 2 standard deviations from the mean)

Question 12

How can developmental progress be assessed?

Answer 12

Through screening or standardised developmental tools

Question 13

What are the three main patterns of developmental delay?

Answer 13

Slow and steady
Plateu
Regression (loss of previously acquired skills)

Question 14

What is the difference between consonant delay and dissonant delay?

Answer 14

Consonant effects all domains equally, but in dissonant delay the domains are affected to different extents.

Question 15

What is the main risk to development caused by folate deficiency?

Answer 15

neural tube defects

Question 16

Name 3 causes of global developmental delay

Answer 16

Down’s syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, meningitis and trauma.

Question 17

What can cause talking delays?

Answer 17

Stammer, hearing deficit, maturation delay and environmental factors.

Question 18

What developmental delay be caused by cerebral palsy?

Answer 18

Walking delay.

Question 19

What specific questions would be useful whilst taking a history regarding a child with developmental delay?

Answer 19

Antenatal - illness, infection, drugs (both sorts)
Birth- prem, prolonged, complicated?
Postnatal-infection, trauma
Consanguinity
Developmental milestones

Question 20

What examinations would you do as part of a developmental assessment?

Answer 20

Growth- height, weight, HC, dysmorphia?
neuorlogical and skin check
systems examination to identify associations
standardised developmental assessments (SOGSII, griffiths and denver)

Question 21

Which HCP may be involved in an MDT approach to caring for a child with developmental delay.

Answer 21

Paediatrician, special health visitor, speech and language therapist, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and psychologists.

Question 22

Define autism

Answer 22

Neurobiological disorder characterised by qualitative impairment of social interactions and communication. Also restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behaviour, interest and activities.

Question 23

What comorbidities are associated with autism?

Answer 23

Learning, attention difficulties and epilepsy

Question 24

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD

Answer 24

Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity lasting >6mnths and starting <7yrs not consistent with normal development.
These should be present in more than one setting and cause significant social or school impairment.

Question 25

What is ADHD associated with in terms of adult life

Answer 25

Antisocial personality, criminal behaviour and substance abuse.