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Psych > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Central tasks: 0-18 mo

A

Trust vs mistrust (separation, sleep)

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2
Q

Central tasks: 18 mo- 3 yrs

A

Autonomy vs shame (toileting, dressing)

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3
Q

Central tasks: 6-11 yrs

A

Industry vs inferiority (academics, sports))

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4
Q

Central tasks: adolescence

A

Identity vs confusion (social relationships)

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5
Q

Central tasks: young adulthood

A

Intimacy vs isolation (partnerships)

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6
Q

Central tasks: adulthood

A

Generativity vs stagnation (work, parenthood)

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7
Q

Central tasks: old age

A

Integrity vs despair (self reflection)

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8
Q

Central tasks: 3-6 yrs

A

Initiative vs guilt (exploration, art, testing limits)

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9
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 yrs
Direct sensation, motor action
-object permanence- recognizing the world contains objects/people that exist even when you don’t see them (12 mo)
-causality

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10
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-7 yrs
Magical thinking. Child’s own perception and linkage of events
-animism
-transductive reasoning

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11
Q

Concrete operational

A

7-11 yrs
Rule and logic based
-can see another’s perspective
-mass, number, volume, time

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12
Q

Formal operation

A

> 12 yrs
Abstract thought
-abstract ideas
-inductive reasoning

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13
Q

Securely attached infants

A

Use mother as base. Normal

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14
Q

Insecure avoidant

A

Independent, don’t use mother as base

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15
Q

Insecure ambivalent

A

Clingy, don’t explore much at all

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16
Q

Separation anxiety

A

8-24 months

17
Q

Raprochement

A

Secure toddler intermittently checks in with parent (security)

18
Q

Signs of neglect

A
  • emotional distress
  • disturbed sleep
  • problems paying attention and concentrating
  • anger/irritability/withdrawal
  • repeated and intrusive thoughts
19
Q

Gesell’s Maturational Theory of Development

A

Development: similar and predictable pattern driven by age

  • developmental milestones
  • cephalo —> caudal and proximal —> distal (truncal stability occurs first)
20
Q

Cognitive development theory

A
  • children learn from interacting with environment

- children different from adults

21
Q

Milestones: 2 months

A
  • smiles at people
  • coos/gurgles
  • follows things/faces with eyes
  • can hold head up
  • starts to push up when lying on stomach
22
Q

Milestones: 4 months

A
  • copies facial expressions and sounds
  • babbles with expression
  • reaches for toys
  • can roll over onto back
  • when lying on stomach can push up to elbows
  • responds to affection
23
Q

Anatomical findings in autism

A

-large head size in toddlerhood
-increased gray: white matter ratio
-cerebellar abnormalities
-micro abnormalities w/in cortex
—> abnormal circuitry —> poor global connectivity

24
Q

Why do people with autism have a larger head size in toddlerhood but not adulthood?

A

Normally undergo pruning before age 3 and again at puberty

-autistic kids don’t —> increased brain size (gray matter specifically —> abnormal EEG and seizures

25
Q

Head size of newborns with autism?

A

Normal! Becomes larger later bc pruning doesn’t occur

26
Q

Milestones: 6 months

A
  • plays with others
  • looks at self in mirror
  • responds to own name
  • says consonant sounds
  • strings vowels together when babbling
  • shows curiosity (tries to get things out of reach)
  • sits without support
  • stands
27
Q

Milestones: 9 months

A
  • fear of strangers
  • points at things
  • understands “no”
  • plays peek-a-boo
  • picks up things between thumb and index finger
  • pulls to stand
  • crawls
28
Q

Milestones: 12 months

A
  • shy/nervous with strangers
  • helps with getting dressed
  • has favorite things/people
  • responds to simple requests
  • uses simple gestures
  • makes sounds with changes in tone (speech)
  • tries to say words you say
  • explores
  • can point to the right thing when named
  • bangs two things together
  • first few steps alone, can walk holding on
29
Q

Milestones: 18 months

A
  • temper tantrums
  • shows affection
  • plays pretend
  • says several single words
  • knows basic objects
  • scribbles
  • eats with a spoon, drinks from a cup
  • walks, may run or walk up steps
30
Q

Milestones: 24 months

A
  • shows more independence and defiant behavior
  • plays mostly on their own but likes being around other children and engages in some games with them
  • sorts shapes and colors
  • builds towers of blocks
  • plays make believe games
  • follows 2-step instructions
  • names items in a picture book
  • runs, kicks a ball, stands on tiptoe, walks up/down stairs, climbs onto furniture
31
Q

Milestones: 3 years

A
  • takes turns in games
  • shows concern for crying friend
  • dresses/undresses
  • conversational
  • can copy a circle, do small puzzles
  • climbs, runs, rides a tricycle
32
Q

Milestones: 4 years

A
  • more creative
  • can’t tell what’s real and what’s make-believe
  • talks about interests
  • tells stories, sings songs
  • draws people, uses scissors
  • hops and stands on one foot, catches ball, pours and cuts own food
33
Q

Treatments for autism

A
  • treat symptoms: atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole), stimulants, SSRIs, anticonvulsants
  • applied behavioral analysis
  • floortime
  • supplements (little evidence)
  • therapy (speech, occupational, social, physical)

Psych (4 decks)

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