Child development / Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aspects that can represent development?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor
Speech and language
Social

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2
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a newborn?

A

Stepping,
Grasping,
Reflex to sound,
Blinking in response to social interaction

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3
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 6 month old?

A

Sits with support
Reaching for objects
Coos
Recognise strangers

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4
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 15-16 month old?

A

Walking
scribbles, 2 block tower
8-10 words
Copies parents tasks

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5
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones at 2 years?

A

Runs, uses stairs
6 block tower, circular drawing strokes
2-3 word sentences
Asks for food/drink

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6
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 3 yo?

A

Rides tricycle
9 blocks, draws circle
Asks questions
Shares toys

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7
Q

What are the normal GM, FM S&L and social milestones of a 4 yo?

A

Hops
Copies cross, block bridge
Sing, tells story
Group play

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8
Q

How can disease and illness impact normal development?

A

Directly or indirectly
Multifactorial:
- Physical
- Emotional
- Social/family
- Education/friends

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9
Q

What are the direct impacts of disease of development?

A

Gross motor and fine motor:
- muscle abnormalities - weakness, stiffness, deformity
- Vision, proprioception and other sense
Speech and language:
- Deafness
- Muscle and coordination issues
- Certain conditions e.g. ASD
Social:
- senses - vision, hearing
- environment
- certain conditions

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10
Q

What are the indirect impacts of disease of development?

A

Energy and general health
Nutrition
Sleep disruption
Pain and unpleasant sensations - desensatisation
Regression of skills
Critical time for some skills

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11
Q

How may hemiplegic CP affect gross motor skills? Direct, indirect, consequences

A

Direct: weakness, stiffness, contractures, coordination
Indirect: treatments, opportunities, energy expenditure
Consequences: Delayed milestones, gait difficulties, inclusion, expectations

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12
Q

How may hemiplegic CP affect fine motor skills? Direct, indirect, consequences

A

Direct: Weakness, stiffness, contractures, coordination
Indirect: Opportunities, self-conscious, expectations
Consequences: delayed milestones, need for aids, school

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13
Q

How may hemiplegic CP affect speech and language? Direct, indirect, consequences

A

Direct: Oromotor coordination
Indirect: Time taken for complexities, exposure, expectations
Consequences: difficulty understanding, inclusion, impact on socialisiation

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14
Q

How may hemiplegic CP affect social development? Direct, indirect, consequences

A

Direct: time away from school/friends, physical abilities
Indirect: Opportunities, expectations, embarrassment, overprotection of parents
Consequences: difficulty with socialisation, school difficulties

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15
Q

How can healthcare maximise development in children with diseases/illnesses?

A

Early input important
Prevention vs treatment - developing brain can adapt to a degree
Develop via play
Multi-professional : physio, OH, school inclusion, support groups

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16
Q

What are piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor (Birth-2yrs): understands world through senses and actions
Preoperational (2-7 years): understands world through language and mental images
Concrete operational (7-12 yrs): understands worlds through logical thinking and categories
Formal operational (12+yrs): understands worlds through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning