Child development Flashcards
What are the four stages of mother-child attachment?
Over time (first year), what happens with attachment to mother vs indiscriminate attachment?
Describe the differences between a child’s attachment to father vs mother
Fathers tend to spend more time playing with children than taking care of them
Fathers play with children differently than mothers (more rough and tumble)
Children tend to seek out the father as a playmate, while mothers are preferred for comfort
ATTACHMENT STYLES
- What % of US babies?
- Response to the strange situation experiment
What are 4 features of parent-infant interaction?
- Mutual gaze
- Dyadic synchrony
- Conversation
- Social referencing
What are the 3 types of play?
Parallel play
Social play
Cooperative play
Parallel, social and cooperative play
- What year does it happen?
- Describe
Gender differences in play
- What happens in cisgender children? Transgender children?
- Do children tend to prefer same gender playmates for all types of activities?
Between 2-3 years, cisgender children have mostly identified themselves as a boy or girl and prefer to play with peers of their own gender
Transgender children’s gender identity and gender associated preferences are strongly associated with their experienced gender
Yes
PIAGET’S THEORY
Children organise their world through schemes (mental categories of related events, objects and knowledge).
They add new information to schemes by assimilation or accommodation - define these terms
Assimilation: fitting new experiences into existing schemes
Accommodation: modifying schemes as a result of new experiences.
PIAGET’S THEORY
What are the 4 stages, and the age ranges?
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Pre-operational (2-6)
Concrete operational (7-adolescence)
Formal operational (adolescence onwards)
PIAGET’S THEORY
Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)
- What is it?
- Key features?
Infant uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world.
Learns object permanence
Uses symbols
PIAGET’S THEORY
Preoperational stage (2-6 years)
- Key features?
- Unable to understand conservation
- Egocentric thinking
- Imagination flourishes
- Uses symbolic thinking (eg. language)
PIAGET’S THEORY
Concrete operationals stage (7-adolescence)
Key features?
- Understands logic
- Learns number, classification, conservation
PIAGET’S THEORY
Formal operational (adolescence onwards)
- Key features?
- Can think about abstractions and hypothetical concepts
- Development of ethical, political, social, moral understanding
PIAGET’S THEORY
Critiques?
No consideration of environment/culture
Mistakes children make in preoperational thought may be due to language development instead of cognitive development
Poor memory may be a better explanation for object permanence errors
Children do not perform consistently in tasks that should utilise the same ability
Children develop some abilities ahead of the expected age, other skills at the expected age, and may be delayed in others
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Describe Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
