Child Development

Question 1

What are Erikson’s 6 stages of development?

Answer 1

1. Trust vs Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs Shame or Doubt
3. Initiative vs Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs Confusion
6. Intimacy vs Isolation

Question 2

What is Trust vs. Mistrust?

Answer 2

Occurs between birth to 1 year. Infant is dependent and developing trust based on dependability and the quality of the child’s caregivers.

If trust is developed, children will feel safe and secure in the world.

Failure to develop trust can result in fear and belief that the world is inconsistent/unpredictable.

Question 3

What is Autonomy vs Shame or Doubt?

Answer 3

During early childhood and focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.

Starting to gain independence and perform basic actions on their own and making simple decisions on preference

Question 4

What is Initiative vs Guilt?

Answer 4

Takes place during the preschool years. Children begin to assert power and control over world by directing play and other social interactions

Children at this stage feel capable and able to lead others.

Those who fail to acquire these skills left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative.

Question 5

What is Industry vs. Inferiority?

Answer 5

During early school years (ages 5-11). With social interactions, children begin to develop sense of pride in accomplishments and abilities

Children need to cope with new social/academic demands.

Success leads to a sense of competence and failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Question 6

What is Identity vs Confusion?

Answer 6

Takes place during teenage years. Develops a sense of personal identity that will continue to influence behavior and development for the rest of a person’s life.

Receiving encouragement/reinforcement through personal exploration → emerge from the stage with strong sense of self and feelings of independence/control.

Those remaining unsure of beliefs/desires will feel insecure/confused about themselves and the future.

Question 7

What is Intimacy vs Isolation?

Answer 7

Young adult stage. Forming intimate/strong relationships with other people.

Success leads to strong relationships.

Failure resulting in loneliness/isolation.