Child and Adolescent Mental Health Flashcards
Assessment of Children
- observation
- structured activities (especially social)
Assessment of Adolescents
- trust
- equal
- choice
Natural Consequences
- natural cause and effect (immediate follow up to action)
- increases understanding
ECT
- use in teens
- best for catatonia
- causes re-start
- side effect- short term memory loss
- sedatives can offset treatment
- last resort (brains still developing)
CBT
- behaviour therapy and cognition therapy
- changing what we think can change what we feel
CBT is Best Used For
- children over 8
- anxiety
- depression
- aggression
automatic and irrational thoughts
Teens: - major depressive
- Manic Delerium
- Catatonia
Narrative Therapy
- play therapy
- externalization
Group Therapy is Best For
- Tourettes
- Anxiety
Family Involvement
- weekend goals are important
- inconsistency can undo progress
Stimulants
- increase attention
- decrease restlessness and impulsivity
- quick onset
- used for positive diagnosis
Stimulant Considerations
Monitor: - Weight - Anxiety - Tics - Sleep Disturbances Take in Am
Straterra Benefits
- calming
- no increase in tics or anxiety
Straterra
- non-stimulant
- NE re-uptake blocker
- takes 3-4 weeks for max effect
Tenex
- antihypertensive
- decrease restlessness, tics, and impulsivity
Tenex Considerations
Monitor:
- BP
- headaches
- dizziness
Clonidine
- antihypertensive
- effective in treating aggression
Clonidine Considerations
Monitor For:
- fatigue
- dizziness
- BP
- irritability
Antidepressants
- anxiety
- decrease rigidity/intensity of outbursts
Melatonin
- aide in falling asleep not staying asleep
DDAVP
- treats nocturnal enuresis
- nasal or po administration
DDAVP Considerations
Monitor:
- Nasal discomfort
- nose bleeds
- fluid take
Alternative Therapy
- gut flora afffects mood
- gluten/dairy free
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
- neurocognitive development
ADHD
- often co-occurrent conditions
- ongoing stream of vocalization
- extreme tunnel vision, miss surrounding dangers
Three Symptoms for Diagnosis of ADHD
- Impulsivity
- Inattentiveness
- Hyperactive
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
- disobedient, hostile and defiant behaviour towards authority
Progression of ODD
ODD–> Conduct Disorder (Teen)–> Antisocial (Adult)
OCD
- usually displayed earlier, and diagnosed sooner
- Scruples (moral compass)
- tantrums if rituals interrupted
Tourette Syndrome
- faulty breaks
- males
Requirements for Diagnosis of Tourettes
- both motor and vocal tics
- tics last over a year
4 Categories of Tics
- Motor (eg. nose twitching)
- Complex Motor (eg. rolling eyes)
- Vocal (eg. sniffing)
- Complex Vocal (eg. phrases)
Copropraxia
- obscene gestures
- complex motor tic
Echopraxia
- imitating others
- complex motor tic
Coprolalia
- swearing
- complex vocal tic
Palilalia
- repeating own words
- complex vocal tic
Echolalia
- repeating other words
- complex vocal tic
Anxiety in Children
- clingy
- anger/tantrums
- controlling behaviour
- irritability
- fears
- tiredness
- body symptoms
- restlessness
- selective mutism
Trichotillomania
hair twirling
Difficulty in Depression Diagnosis
Children: - similar symptoms to anxiety - considered "just a phase" Teens: - symptoms typical of teen behaviour (sleeping in, anxiety etc.)
FASD
- developing brain cells are underdeveloped due to prenatal alcohol exposure before 12 weeks
FASD Symptoms
- learning disabilities
- poor impulse control
- poor boundaries
- poor anger management
- poor daily living skills
- poor judgement
- poor fine motor skills
- learning from bad experience is limited
RAD Causes
- caregiver unable to provide
- abuse and neglect
- changing caregivers
- institutional care
- long stay in hospital
RAD Symptoms
- difficult to soothe
- superficially friendly
- inappropriate actions with strangers
- no bond with primary caregiver
Bipolar Disorder
- more common in teens
- frequent rapid cycling (4-5 swings/day)
- often misdiagnosed
Bipolar Disorder in Children
- explosive, lengthy and often destructive rages
- impaired judgement, impulsivity
- *typical symptoms by teen years
Childhood Schizophrenia Misdiagnosis
- Autism
- other PDD
Childhood Schizophrenia Symptoms
- social withdrawal
- poor self-care
- illogical
- spend lots of time in imaginative worlds
Conduct Disorder
- antisocial
- disturbed behaviour
- injuring animals
- setting fire
- torment people
XYY Syndrome
- taller
- large hands and feet
- aggression issues
- low functioning
Prader-Will
- no shut off valve for hunger
- light skin and hair
- short stature
