child and adolescent health Flashcards
nursing role in pop. focused health (2 pts)
- providing direct services to children and families
- Assessment of the community and the establishment of programs to ensure a healthy environment for this pop.
CDC defines obesity, overweight
obesity: >95th percentile
overweight: 85-95th percentile
Keep: Built environment effect on obesity: micro environment
home food environment: availability to fruits and veggies at home, parent-role modeling, child feeding practices, general parenting style
Keep: Built environment effect on obesity: macro environment
convenience foods and fast foods: larger food portions, food landscape, food deserts
Keep: prevention strategies for obesity
*healthy schools
*access to affordable and healthy foods
*raising children’s physical activity levels
*empowering families to make healthy choices
*promoting good nutrition
CDC recommended activity level
60 minutes daily
what is CHIP, who does it help
covers children and families that earn too much money to qualify for medicaid but cannot afford private insurance.
Keep: leading cause of death from 1-19 yrs
unintentional injuries (MVAs highest cause)
how to implement strategies to prevent injuries and accidents
MVAs, falls, suffocation, drowning, poinsoning,
*MVAs -> always wear seat belts, safety seats, using safe driving practices
*falls -> soft landing surfaces, protective gear, protective safety rails
*suffocation -> infants sleep alone and on backs, crib safety measures, avoid loose bedding/toys
*drowning -> learn to swim, 4-sided fence, watching kids closely
*poisoning -> keeping meds locked away, toxic solutions out of easy reach
examples of risky behaviors (4 pts)
adolencents
*texting while driving, not wearing seat belt, intoxicated driving
*ENDS: electronic nicotine delivery system
*substance abuse
*unsafe sexual activity
keep: factors associated w/ increased risk-taking (5pts)
the poors
*poor academic performance
*poor parental role models
*poor self-esteem
* poor supportive social environment
*poverty (poor)
lowering risk taking behavior (4 pts)
adolecents and school-age
- individual assessment of risk-taking behaviors for focus
- providing after school extracurricular activities
- positive adult role model
- engaging teens in support systems to build self esteem
characteristics of injuries significant to each age-group: infants
motor skill developments
characteristics of injuries significant to each age-group: toddlers/preschoolers
more mobile and have poor judgement
characteristics of injuries significant to each age-group: school age
Peer pressure and lack of parental role modeling often inhibits the use of protective devices
characteristics of injuries significant to each age-group: adolescents
injuries and violence. Poor social adjustment, psychiatric problems, and family disorganization
best practice to prevent sports injuries
*Children should be grouped according to weight, size, maturation, and skill level.
*Qualified and competent persons should be available for supervision during games and practices.
*Adequate and appropriate-size equipment should be available.
*Goals should be developmentally and physically appropriate for the child.
SAFE model
- supervision
- age-appropriate equipment
- fall surfacing
- equipment maintenance
who is at the highest risk for child maltreatment
children under 4 and those with special needs
common parental characteristics that impact child maltreatment (7)
*poor understanding of child development and needs
*hx of abuse in family of origin
*substance abuse
*nonbiological transient caregivers in home
*domestic violence
*social isolation
*parenting stress
strategies nurses can employ to prevent child maltreatment (6)
*educate parents prenatally
*recognize high risk families early
*educate ppl in the community who work with children to identify at risk families
*home visiting program
*peer mentoring
*preschool and head start program
Keep: family centered medical home
partnership between the child, family, and pediatric team overseeing child’s health. community based system and provided uninterrupted care to promote optimal health outcomes
Keep: how do nurses participate in family centered medical homes
identifying resources for families and referring families to a medical home
Keep: What are the 2 major roles that population-focused nurses have in the area of child and adolescent health?
- the nurse provides direct services to children and their families: assessing, managing, educating, and counseling
- nurses are involved in the assessment of the community and the establishment of programs to ensure a healthy environment for this population.
Keep: What insurance options are available in the US for children?
*medicaid
*children’s health insurance plan (CHIP)
What strategies can be used by the nurse to prevent child maltreatment and AHT?
*home visits
*peer mentoring programs
*preschool and Head Start programs
*PH centers to identify at-risk families and provide support and education
Keep: What are the guidelines for safe playgrounds published by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission?
*playgrounds surrounded by barrier
*distribution of activity centers to avoid over crowding
*surfaces finished with substances the don’t contain lead
*durable materials
*sand, gravel, wood chips, and wood mulch used to limit shock falls
*equipment inspected regularly
*multi-occupancy swings are not recommended
Keep: Which age group has the lowest injury death rate?
school age children
Keep: leading cause of unintentional death: 0-1yrs
Suffocation
Keep: leading cause of unintentional death: 1-4 yrs
Drowning
Keep: leading cause of unintentional death: 5-9 yrs
MVT-related
Keep: leading cause of unintentional death: 10-14yrs
MVT-related
Keep: leading cause of unintentional death: 15-19 yrs
MVT-related
Keep: How to prevent SIDS
*supine position only for infants
*no smoking during pregnancy or in home after birth
*use firm sleep surface
*offer pacifier at nap time and bedtime
*avoid overheating and over bundling
*continue “Back to Sleep” campaign
Keep: What is the level for lead poisoning? What is the peak age for lead poisoning and at what age is universal screening recommended?
*children <5 yr old most at risk
*level: >10 units/dL
*universal screening age: 1 and 2 y.o.
Keep: What is ETS and what is its effect on Children?
*Environmental tobacco smoke
*increased episodes of middle ear infections, asthma, upper respiratory tract infections, and more missed school days.
Keep: What is a medical home?
*incorporates preventive, acute, and chronic care from birth through transition to adulthood.
*emphasizes an integrated health system with collaboration of care from an interprofessional team of primary care physicians, specialists and sub-specialists, other health professionals, hospitals and health care facilities, public health, and the community working with children and families
Keep: What are the characteristics of motivational interviewing?
focused communication strategy in which the parents are encouraged to set goals, identify personal barriers, and identify potential mechanisms to over- come the barriers to make safety and health promotion changes for their child.
