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Child language > Child > Flashcards

Child Flashcards

1
Q

Jerome Bruner

1915-2016

A

The quality of social interaction is essential.
Input is required for language development.
Scaffolding
LASS
Support = Genie
Against = Wug or Fis

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2
Q

Who saw the importance of play relating to cognition?

A

Piaget and Vygotsky

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3
Q

Mike Tomasello

A

Be explained through looking at a persons cognitive abilities such as pattern recognition.

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4
Q

Virtuous Errors

A

Grammatical errors that are logical.

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5
Q

Usage based language linked to Tomasello

A

Emphasise language structure emerges from linguistic patterns.

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6
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Describes area of what a child can do and what is beyond them requiring input.

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7
Q

Lev Vygotsky

1896-1934

A

Cognitive
ZPD
Importance of doing in order to learn
Input can help a child expand an ability

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8
Q

Jean Piaget

1896 - 1980

A

Cognitive Support
A child can only learn once they are mentally ready.
Stages of development

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9
Q

LASS?

A

Language Acquisition Support System

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10
Q

Scaffolding?

A

The support provided by caregivers through questioning etc

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11
Q

Vygotsky quote

A

“A child’s greatest achievements are possible in play.”

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12
Q

Noam Chomsky

1928

A 
Nativist 
Children are born with an LAD 
Innate/natural
Positive = wug
Negative = Genie/Jim/ Vincent
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13
Q

Frederic Skinner

1904-1990

A

Behaviourist
Learn from imitating
Patterns of reinforcing
Operate conditioning

Positive= learn accent and polite
Negative = Fis or Vincent
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14
Q

Piaget Pre Operational

Stage 2

A

2-6
Object Permanence
Begin to question
Remains Egocentric

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15
Q

Piaget Sensorimotor

STAGE 1

A

0-2
Child Begins to interact with environment
Egocentric and object permanence

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16
Q

Piaget Concrete Operational

A 
Stage 3
6-11
Stops being egocentric
Sympathise 
More capable of logical thinking
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17
Q

Piaget Formal Operational

A

Stage 4
11-16+
Abstract thoughts
No longer a cognitive problem

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18
Q

Piaget Stages

A 
0-2 = Sensorimotor
2-6 = Pre operational
6-11 = Concrete operational
11-16+ = Formal operational
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19
Q

WUG Test

A

Berko 1958
Found that children have an ability to understand grammar and apply grammar rules to other examples even made up ones such as a WUG.

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20
Q

FIS phenomenon

A

Berko and Brown 1960

Children may be physically unable but mentally aware form example understand wrong pronunciation

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21
Q

Tripp?

A

1991
Emphasises the importance of play
Children learn from each other
Use of collaborative interaction

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22
Q

Lenneburg

A

1967
Critical Period
Child learns most between certain ages
Sufficient social interaction is needed during this time for a child to develop

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23
Q

Genie

A

Against Chomsky
Discovered in 1970 when 13
Locked up so no interaction
Despite help could never fully develop language

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24
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Positive feedback is given by caregiver to encourage the child

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25
Q

Operate Conditioning

A

Idea that a caregiver response influences future decisions

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26
Q

LAD

A

Language Acquisition Device

An innate ability

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27
Q

Features of CDS

A 
Repetition
Questioning
Use of nouns instead of pronouns
Expansion
Recasting
Politeness features
Imperatives
28
Q

Child Directed Speech

A

Babytalk

Ways in which an adult changes their speech to speak to a child

29
Q

Garvey

A

1977
‘Play developing the child’
Play helps with vocab
Essential to develop

30
Q

Stages of Acquisition

A 
Pre Verbal
Holophrastic
Two word
Telegraphic
Post Telegraphic
31
Q

Pre verbal

A

0-12 months
A time that involves experimenting
cooing etc

32
Q

Holophrastic

A

12-18 months
using individual words to talk
1st is often an noun

33
Q

Two word

A

18 months
Convey meaning
Understanding grammar
Learn the most words here

34
Q

Telegraphic

A

24-36 months
3+ words combined
Contains key part but omitting grammatical words

35
Q

Post telegraphic

A

36+
More accurate
More grammatically complex

36
Q

Sinclair and Coulthard

A 
1975
IRF structure
Initiation = Question
Response 
Feedback = Praise
37
Q

Halliday

A

1975

Identified 7 functions of a childs language

38
Q
  1. instrumental
A

fulfil a need

e.g. ask for a drink

39
Q
  1. regulatory
A

used to control the behaviour of someone else

e.g. sit there

40
Q
  1. interactional
A

used to develop relationships

e.g. love you mummy

41
Q
  1. personal
A

used to express views or preferences

e.g. me no like

42
Q
  1. heuristic
A

used to explore the environment

.e.g what is that

43
Q
  1. imaginative
A

used to explore something creative during play

44
Q
  1. representational
A

used to exchange or give information

45
Q

Nelson

A

1973
studied children’s 1st words
60% = nouns
others = verbs, adjectives, social

46
Q

Aitchinson

A 
Labelling = naming
Packaging = exploring
Network = knowing similarities
47
Q

Over extensions

A

Analogical - ball for orange
Mismatch - duck at an empty pond
categorical = tiger for lion

48
Q

Richman and MIller

A

Gussi mothers in Kenya

barely made eye contact with children unless because they were crying yet still develop language

49
Q

Vincent

A

hearing is not enough
deaf parents
still no speech at 3
behind at school

50
Q

Ocks and Schieffelin

A

1984
studies of tribe in papa new guinea
no communication
yet still develop

51
Q

Jim

A

similar to vincent
2 deaf parents
lack of interaction
shows importance of valuable SI

52
Q

Holt and Willard

A

2000

more knowledgeable other

53
Q

Universal grammar

A

the basis upon which all humans build there language

54
Q

Gleason

A

1975
fathers use more commands
mothers more sensitive

55
Q

Brown

A

Studies order that children learn inflections

56
Q

Inflection order

A 
present participle - ing
plural - cups
possessive s - amy's
articles - get A drink
past tense
third person
auxiliary - it IS raining
57
Q

SES

A

high SES mother = 11000 utternaces

low SES mother = 700

58
Q

Bellugi and Question

A
  1. rising intonation on single word = bed?
  2. introduction of auxiliary = ARE you coming?
  3. Formulaic ‘wh’ questions = Where are you going?
59
Q

Bellugi and negation

A
  1. No at the start = no like that
  2. no inside the sentence = i no want it
  3. attances no to main verb = i’m not happy
60
Q

Bellugi and pronoun

A
  1. use name over pronoun = rachel go now
  2. using pronouns such as I/ME/WE not correct
  3. Using I/ME correct and these/it
61
Q

Phonoligcal errors

A 
Deletion
substitution 
addition
assimilation
deletion of syllables unheard
62
Q

Deletion?

A

Omitting constant e.g. do (g)

63
Q

Substitution?

A

one sound for another e.g. pip for ship

64
Q

addition

A

extra vowels e.g. doggie

65
Q

assimilation

A

changing constant e.g. gog for dog

66
Q

deletion of unheard syllable

A

emphasise certain syllables e.g. nana for banana

Child language (1 decks)

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