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142 Lab - Chick > Chick > Flashcards

Chick Flashcards

1
Q

type of egg that can survive on land

A

amniote egg

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2
Q

puddle of non-yolky cytoplasm that sits atop the yolk

A

blastodisc

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3
Q

complete type of cleavage in chick embryo

A

meroblastic and discoidal

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4
Q

3 layers of the shell (indicate which is/are calcified)

A 
mammillary layer (calcified)
spongy layer (calcified)
cuticular membrane (outermost; not calcified)
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5
Q

number of hours taken from ovulation to laying of the egg

A

24 hours

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6
Q

composition of albumen

A

water (88%) and glycoproteins

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7
Q

enumerate the proteins found in the albumen (indicate their functions)

A

ovalbumen (most abundant)
lysozyme (antibacterial; disrupts bacterial cell walls)
ovotransferrin (antibacterial; binds iron)
avidin (antibacterial; binds biotin)
ovomucin (antiviral)
cystatin (antiviral)

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8
Q

first step in chick gastrulation

A

delamination

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9
Q

stage of oocyte upon ovulation

A

secondary oocyte

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10
Q

phenomenon where one sperm pronucleus fuses with the egg pronucleus

A

physiological polyspermy

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11
Q

enumerate the 3 yolk lipids

A

glycerides
phospholipids
sterol

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12
Q

number of days before a duck egg hatches

A

27 days

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13
Q

where notochordal cells diverge, ingress, and migrate forward rather than laterally

A

Hensen’s node

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14
Q

line of ingression that is analogous to the dorsal lip of the blastopore

A

primitive streak

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15
Q

2 layers formed during delamination (indicate what layers they are made of)

A

epiblast (consisting of presumptive ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
hypoblast (consisting of extraembryonic endoderm)

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16
Q

the anterior-to-posterior wave of progression of the primitive streak

A

regression of the primitive streak

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17
Q

the region in a gastrulating chick that induces the formation of the primitive streak and Hensen’s node

A

Koller’s sickle region

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18
Q

enumerate the 4 extra-embryonic membranes (indicate their functions)

A

amnion (provides isotonic fluid and buffering)
chorion (serves as protection)
allantois (stores nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid)
yolk sac (brings yolk nutrients back to embryo proper)

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19
Q

defect in which the neural plate does not fully close

A

spina bifida

20
Q

also called the “primary organizer” because it can induce the axial organization of the embryo

A

notochordal mesoderm

21
Q

enumerate examples of structures formed by the neural crest cells

A 
pigment cells (but not pigmented retina)
membrane bones in face and skull
dentine-secreting cells of teeth
adrenal medulla
sympathetic ganglia
22
Q

3 subdivisions of somites (indicate what they will form)

A

sclerotome (forms vertebrate and ribs)
myotome (forms skeletal muscles of back and appendages)
dermatome (gives rise to dermis)

23
Q

reason why the proamnion is clear

A

it consists of only the endoderm and ectoderm

24
Q

trace the path of a mature ovum traveling through the oviduct (indicate what happens in each part)

A

fimbria
infundibulum (site of fertilization)
magnum (secretes albumen)
isthmus (addition of chalazae and inner/outer shell membranes
uterus (plumping; addition of salts and water)
vagina
cloaca

25
Q

space that separates blastoderm from yolk

A

subgerminal cavity

26
Q

nutrients found in egg yolk

A

water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

27
Q

region of blastoderm still connected to underlying yolk

A

area opaca

28
Q

shows location of each germ layer prior to gastrulation and its route of travel during gastrulation

A

fate map

29
Q

enumerate and differentiate the 2 subdivisions of the area opaca

A 
area  vitellina (outer; contains yolk granules)
area vasculosa (inner; where blood islands are forming)
30
Q

the transition between the closed foregut and open midgut

A

anterior intestinal portal

31
Q

describe how the open neural plate folds into a closed neural tube

A

caused by a change in shape of the neural plate cells from cuboidal to truncated pyramidal; due to contraction of actin and myosin filaments

32
Q

when does a chick heart start beating?

A

at 48 hours into development

33
Q

evagination of the posterior pituitary

A

infundibulum (eventually becomes pituitary gland)

34
Q

highly vascularized region that secretes cerebrospinal fluid

A

anterior choroid plexus

35
Q

evagination of diencephalon roof

A

epiphysis (eventually becomes pineal gland)

36
Q

function of pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin that controls seasonal and circadian rhythms

37
Q

2 regions of pituitary gland (indicate the hormones that each secretes)

A

neurohypophysis (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone)

adenohypophysis (thyroid stimulating hormones, luteinizing hormones, etc.)

38
Q

pacemaker of a vertebrate heart

A

sinoatrial node

39
Q

space between the head and the proamnion (head fold that undercuts embryo)

A

subcephalic pocket

40
Q

enumerate the 5 major processes that occur in chick gastrulation

A
  1. delamination
  2. medio-lateral intercalation
  3. convergent extension
  4. formation of primitive streak
  5. ingression of endoderm and mesoderm
41
Q

egg white disease causes a deficiency in what vitamin?

A

biotin/vitamin H

42
Q

staging series for chick

A

Hamburger and Hamilton

43
Q

space between somatopleure and splanchnopleure

A

coelomic space

44
Q

describe the chick heart at 33 hours into development

A

relatively straight tube with 4 chambers

45
Q

the blood vessel that marks the terminal channel of the vitelline circulation

A

sinus terminalis

46
Q

series of enlargements along the myelencephalon; these become associated with a specific set of motor and sensory nerves

A

neuromeres

142 Lab - Chick (1 decks)

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