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Operation CHI > Chi Uno Theta > Flashcards

Chi Uno Theta Flashcards

1
Q

provides polychromatic light

A

light source

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2
Q

minimizes stray light

A

entrance slit

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3
Q

isolates specific wavelength

A

monochromator

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4
Q

controls band pass (width of light beam)

A

exit slit

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5
Q

contains solution to be measured

A

cuvet

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6
Q

converts light into electric energy

A

photodetector

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7
Q

output display

A

read out device

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8
Q

visible light spectrum

A

400-700 nm

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9
Q

UV region

A

<400

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10
Q

infrared region

A

> 700

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11
Q

exciter lamp UV

A

mercury, deuterium lamp, xenon

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12
Q

exciter lamp: visible and infrared

A

tungsten

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13
Q

measure amount of light scattered

A

nephelometry

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14
Q

measure amount of light blocked

A

turbidimetry

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15
Q

with 2 monochromators postioned at 90 degrees

QUENCHING: fluorescence of an analyte is reduced due to the excited molecule losing some of its energy by interacting with other substances in the solution

A

fluorometry

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16
Q

measures light emitted by the analyte after being excited by the flame

A

FEP

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17
Q

reference method for calcium and magnesium

A

AAS

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18
Q

disinfection of centrifuge

A

weekly

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19
Q

calibration of centrifuge

A

quarterly

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20
Q

swinging bucket type

A

horizontal centrifuge

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21
Q

fixed angle type

A

angle-head centrifuge

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22
Q

morning/diurnal analytes

A 
CAPAI
cortisol
ACTH
plasma renin
aldosterone
insulin
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23
Q

afternoon analytes

A 
PTAG
PTH
TSH
ACP
GH
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24
Q

photosensitive analytes

A

bilirubin
vitamin A
CK

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25
Q

specimen for electrolyte analysis

A

heparinized plasma

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26
Q

specimen for HbA1c

A

EDTA

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27
Q

AC of choice for lipoproteins

A

EDTA

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28
Q

AC of choice for blood gas studies

A

Lithium heparin

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29
Q

rate of glycolysis at room temp

A

7 mg/dl/hr

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30
Q

rate of glycolysis at 4C

A

2 mg/dl.hr

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31
Q

whole blood glucose is _______ than serum glucose

A

10-15%

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32
Q

10% contamination with glucose with 5% dextrose

A

increase glucose by 500 mg/dl

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33
Q

reference method of LP

A

ultracentrifugation

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34
Q

reference method of cholesterol

A

Abell-Kendall

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35
Q

reference method of triglycerides

A

modified Van Handel

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36
Q

reference method of glucose

A

hexokinase

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37
Q

reference method of GFR

A

inulin clearance

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38
Q

reference method of BUN, Crea, UA

A

isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS)

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39
Q

cut off points for serum cholesterol

A

2-19 y/o:
moderate risk: >170
high risk: >185

20-29 y/o:
moderate risk: >200
high risk: >220

30-30y/o:
moderate risk: >220
high risk: >240

> 40 y/o:
moderate risk: >240
high risk: >260

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40
Q

acceptable CV

A

cholesterol: 3%
triglycerides:5%
HDL: 4%
LDL: 4%

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41
Q

good cholesterol

A

HDL

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42
Q

reverse cholesterol transport

A

HDL

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43
Q

highest protein content

A

HDL

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44
Q

Endogenous TAG

A

VLDL

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45
Q

bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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46
Q

minor LPP

A

IDL, Lp(a)

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47
Q

sinking pre-beta LPP

A

Lp(a)

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48
Q

floating beta LPP

A

B-VLDL

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49
Q

LPP in obstructive jaundice

A

Lp X

50
Q

indicator of malnutrition

A

prealbumin

51
Q

carrier of copper

A

ceruloplasmin

52
Q

carrier of hemoglobin

A

haptoglobin

53
Q

carrier of heme

A

hemopexin

54
Q

carrier of iron

A

transferrin

55
Q

protein found between beta and gamma

A

fibrinogen

56
Q

beta-gamma bridging, increased IgA

A

liver cirrhosis

57
Q

monoclonal gammopathy

A

multiple sclerosis

58
Q

polyclonal gammopathy

A

chronic inflammation

59
Q

increased alpha 1 and alpha 2

A

acute inflammation

60
Q

alpha 2 globulin spike; increased macroglobulin

A

nephrotic syndrome

61
Q

decreased alpha 1

A

emphysemma

62
Q

measures nitrogen content of protein

A

Kjeidahl (also, refenrence method for protein)

63
Q

measures amount of peptide bonds

A

Biuret

64
Q

interferring substances n Biuret

A

false increase: bilirubin, Hb, lipids

false decrease: ammonia

65
Q

reagent on Biuret methd

A 
RANK
Rochelle salt
Alkaline: copper sulfate
NaOH
Kpotassium iodide
66
Q

reagent in Lowry method

A

phosphotungstomolybdic acid

67
Q

most specific and sensitive dye binding method

A

BCP

68
Q

protein dyes for electrophoresis

A

CBB, amido black, ponceau S

69
Q

dye used for fluids with lower protein content

A

pyrogallol red

70
Q

effect of cigarette smoking on ammonia

A

increase

71
Q

bilirubin covalently bound to albumin

A

delta bili

72
Q

danger of kernicterus at bilirubin levels

A

> 20 mg/dl

73
Q

acceleratior in Jendrassik Groff

A

sodium caffeine benzoate

74
Q

deficiency of UDPGT

A

Criggler-Najjar

75
Q

defectove uptake of bilirubin

A

Gilbert

76
Q

defective excretion of bilirubin

A 
Rotor
Dubin Johnson (mas priority si DJ)
77
Q

earliest pancreatic marker

A

amylase

78
Q

most specific pancreatic marker

A

lipase

79
Q

most heat stable ALP

A

placenta

80
Q

most labile ALP

A

bone

81
Q

order of ALP isoenzyme migration

A 
LBPIR
liver
bone
placenta
intestine
renal
82
Q

least tissue secificity

A

LDH

83
Q

forward reaction for LDH

A

wacker

84
Q

reverse reaction for LD

A

wrobleuski la due

85
Q

substrate for Bowers McComb

A

p-nitrophenylphosphate

86
Q

substrate for Cherry-Crandall method for lipase

A

olive oil

triolein

87
Q

flipped LD pattern

A

LD1>LD2 indicative of AMI

88
Q

most sensitive marker for alcoholic liver disease

A

GGT

89
Q

major extracellular cation

A

sodium

90
Q

major intracellular cation

A

potassium

91
Q

primary contributor to osmolarity

A

sodium

92
Q

inversely related with calcium

A

phosporus/phosphate

93
Q

color emitted in FEP

A

sodium: yellow
potassium: violet
lithium: red

94
Q

effect of every 1C increase in fever

A

pCO2: 3% decrease
pO2: 7% increase

95
Q

changes in results of a blood gas specimen is exposed to air

A

high pO2 and pH

low pCO2

96
Q

principle used to measure pCO2 and pH

A

potentiometry

97
Q

driving force of bicarbonate buffer system

A

carbon dioxide

98
Q

primary compensation for metabolic alkalosis

A

hyperventilation

99
Q

primary compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

hypoventilation

100
Q

AC of choice for blood gas analysis

A

lithium heparin

101
Q

AKA congenital HYPOthryroidism

A

cretinism

102
Q

transports majority of thyroid hormones

A

TB Globulin

103
Q

transports T4 only

A

TB Pre-Albumin

104
Q

transports 15-20% of T3 and T4

A

TB Albumin

105
Q

amino acid precursor of thyroid hormones

A

tyrosine

106
Q

electrolyte imbalance in Addison’s disease/hypercortisolism

A

hyponatremia

hyperkalemia

107
Q

electrolyte imbalance in Conn’s disease/hyperaldosteronism

A

hypernatremia

hypokalemia

108
Q

part of glucose tolerance factor

A

chromium

109
Q

helps regulate cholesterol synthesis

A

manganese

110
Q

involved in xanthine and hypoxanthine synthesis

A

molybdenum

111
Q

associated with Alzheimer’s disease

A

apo E, aluminum

112
Q

metabolite of norepi and epi

A

VMA

113
Q

metabolite of dopamine

A

HVA

114
Q

metabolite of serotonin

A

5-HIAA

115
Q

matebolite of heroine

A

morphine

116
Q

netabolite of cocaine

A

benzolecgonine

117
Q

metabolite of marijuana

A

tetra-hydroxycannabinol

118
Q

metabolite of procainamide

A

NAPA

119
Q

metabolite of amitriptyline

A

nortryptyline

120
Q

metabolite of primidone

A

phenobarbital

Operation CHI (1 decks)

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