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Radiology > Chest X-Rays > Flashcards

Chest X-Rays Flashcards

1
Q

What colour is air?

A

black

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2
Q

What colour is fat?

A

dark grey

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3
Q

What colour is soft tissue e.g. muscles and organs?

A

light grey

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4
Q

What colour is bone?

A

white

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5
Q

Why are AP x-rays inferior to PAs?

A
  • heart shadow is magnified, so heart size cannot be assessed accurately
  • scapulae overlie and partly obscure lungs
  • it can be difficult for patients to inspire adequately
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6
Q

Why are hila (junction between heart and lungs) significant in chest X rays?

A
  • common place for bronchial carcinoma

- contain lymph nodes which may be enlarged

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7
Q

Which lobe of the diaphragm should appear higher and by how much?

A

right, by 1.5cm

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8
Q

What colour should retrosternal and retrocardiac space be on a CXR?

A

dark/black

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9
Q

How many ribs should be seen?

A

10 or 11

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10
Q

How can you tell if an X ray is AP or PA?

A

Heart size is enlarged in AP

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11
Q

How big should the heart be in a PA chest X ray?

A

around 50% or less

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12
Q

When might the diaphragm appear flattened on an CXR?

A

in COPD or asthma

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13
Q

In a pleural effusion, what will happen to the costophrenic angles?

A

bluntness

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14
Q

Which hilum, left or right, is higher?

A

left

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15
Q

What might widening of the mediastinum indicate?

A

aortic dissection

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16
Q

What might tracheal deviation indicate?

A

Tension pneumothorax or a mass

17
Q

What are the hila the junction between?

A

heart and lungs

18
Q

When does lobular collapse occur?

A

when there is an obstruction of a lobar bronchus

19
Q

What are the hila a common place for?

A

bronchial carcinomas

enlarged lymph nodes

20
Q

Where do pneumothoraxes commonly occur?

A

at apex of lung

21
Q

What are signs of pleural effusion on CXRs?

A

basal density effusion
obscured diaphragm
meniscus signs
fluid tracking into right oblique fissure

22
Q

What are signs of cardiac failure on CXR?

A 
englarged heart
pleural effusion
pulmonary oedema
bats wings
curly B lines

Radiology (2 decks)

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