Chest X-ray Flashcards
1
Q
Cavitating lung lesions
- What are they?
- What can cause them?
A
- area of gas in the lung with a border
+/- fluid level
2. infection - abscess (bacteria) [even for these may not see fluid level] - TB cancer (squamous cell) inflammation - Rheumatoid arthritis - aspergillus, histoplasmosis clot - PE - wegener's granulomatosis
2
Q
Lobar collapse
- What can cause it?
- What signs are seen on XR?
A
- lung cancer
- asthma (mucous plug)
- foreign body
THINK: what blocks the airway leading to collapse
- trachea pulled towards side of collapse
- mediastinal shift towards effected side
- diaphragm raised on effected side
THINK: pressure gradient pulls all structures towards collapse
3
Q
Lung metastasis
- cannonball metastasis:
a) When is it most commonly seen?
b) What can also cause it? - What tumours can cause calcification mets in the lung?
A
- a) renal cell carcinoma
b)
- choriocarcinoma
- prostate cancer - chrondrosarcoma
- osteosarcoma
(skeletal)
4
Q
Pulmonary oedema
What will be seen on chest XR?
A
ABCDE
Alveolar bats wing appearance Kerley B lines Cardiomegaly (if cariogenic cause) Dilated, prominent upper lobe vessels pleural Effusion
5
Q
CXR white lesions
- What can cause them
- What circumstances would cause
a) trachea towards the white-out
b) trachea central
c) trachea away from the white out
A
- consolidation
- pneumonectomy
- lung collapse
- large mass e.g. tumour
- pleural effusion
- pulmonary oedema
2
a)
- lung collapse
- pneumonectomy
b)
- pulmonary oedema
- consolidation
c)
- pleural effusion
- large thoracic mass
6
Q
Pulmonary Bullae
- What are they?
- When can they be seen?
A
- areas of emphysema in the lung leading to areas of air with no discernible wall
- COPD
- A1AT deficiency
- cannabis smoking
- HIV
- connective tissue disease: Ehlers danlos, marfans
7
Q
What should you suspect with a clear XR with exception of loss of the left heart border?
A
left lingula consolidation
