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EMS > Chest Trauma Ch34 > Flashcards

Chest Trauma Ch34 Flashcards

0
Q

What does the pleural lining consist of?

A

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura

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1
Q

What is the structure in the thoracic cavity that plays a major role in most chest injuries?

A

Pleural lining.

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2
Q

What is the parietal pleura next to, is it outer or inner?

A

The thoracic wall-Outer

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3
Q

What is the visceral pleura in contact with? Is it outer or inner?

A

Lung - Inner

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4
Q

What are the two pleural layers separated by?

A

Serous fluid

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5
Q

Kinds of open chest wounds

A

Pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax.

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6
Q

What is a open chest wound?

A

A result of a penetrating injury.

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7
Q

What is a closed chest wound?

A

A result of a blunt force injury.

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8
Q

Define pneumothorax.

A

A puncture to the visceral pleura that leads to pressure on the lungs caused by the leak of air into the pleural space.

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9
Q

Sucking chest wound?

A

Air being pulled into the thoracic cavity.

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10
Q

Closed chest injuries.

A 
Flail segment
Paradoxical chest movement
Pulmonary contusion. 
Traumatic asphyxia 
Cardiac contusion. 
Commotio cordis
Pericardial tamponade
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11
Q

Flail segment

A

2 or more adjacent ribs broken in 2 or more places.

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12
Q

What doe a flail chest look like?

A

Segment of chest unattached to rib cage.

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13
Q

Flail chest treatment

A

Positive pressure ventilations

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14
Q

Paradoxical chest movement?

A

Flail segment moves in opposite direction of the rest of the chest wall.

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15
Q

Pulmonary contusion?

A

a serious consequence of flail segment and can lead to death.

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16
Q

What happen in a pulmonary contusion?

A

Bleeding happens in the alveoli and in the interstitial space that separates alveoli and capillaries.

17
Q

Treatment for pulmonary contusion?

A

Positive pressure ventilations and thennnn CPAP.

18
Q

Open pneumothorax?

A

An open wound to the chest caused by a penetrating injury.

19
Q

What is a sucking chest wound

A

A open pneumothorax.

20
Q

S and S of a Open Pneumothorax.

A

Chest pain, tachypnea, dyspnea and gurgling/sucking noises.

21
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

A pneumothorax that has progressed to the point where it completely compresses the injured
And the uninjured lung. Heart and large veins are compressed as well

22
Q

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax are?

A

Rapid deterioration, signs of shock Inadequate 02, cyanosis, unequal chest movement, distended neck veins, and tracheal deviation.

23
Q

What is a hemothorax?

A

The thoracic cavity filling with blood.

24
Q

Where does the bleeding from hemothorax originate?

A

Bleeding originates from lacerated vessels in the chest wall or chest cavity cause by fractured ribs or penetrating objects

25
Q

Signs and symptoms for hemothorax are?

A

the same as shock and they will often cough up pink frothy sputum

26
Q

What is dramatic asphyxia?

A

Severe and sudden compression of the thorax causes rapid increase the pressure of the chest.

27
Q

What happens in traumatic asphyxia?

A

Heart and lungs severely compressed by sternum and ribs which creates a backflow out of the right ventricle into the veins of the head

28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of traumatic asphyxia?

A

Bluish face neck and shoulders, JVD, bloodshot eyes protruding from sockets, cyanotic and swollen tongue and lips and bleeding of the conjunctiva.

29
Q

How does a cardiac contusion occur?

A

It occurs when a blunt force trauma compresses the heart in between the sternum and the spine

30
Q

Commotio Cordis

A

Sudden cardiac arrest when blunt force trauma is applied to the sternum.

31
Q

When is Commotio cordis most likely to happen?

A

Can happen at sporting events with a blow to the chest.

32
Q

Commotio cordis has the patient in which heart erythema?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

33
Q

What is pericardial Tamponade?

A

A blunt penetrating trauma that may cause bleeding to the sack around the heart. Heart basically suffocates.

34
Q

What do you establish on the scene size up of chest based injuries?

A
  1. once scene is cleared ask about the MOI
  2. Was the patient involved in a sports accident?
  3. Did the patient fall?
  4. Was there a fight?
  5. The shooting take place
  6. Was the patient involved in a auto collision?
  7. Was the patient crushed between two objects?
  8. Was an explosion involved?
35
Q

In the primary assessment what do you always check if you suspect of stabbing or shooting?

A

The back and Botox via Log roll.

36
Q

Indications of major chest trauma are?

A

Cyanosis, dyspnea, tachypnea, Brady Penia, obvious signs of chest trauma, hemoptysis, signs of shock, tracheal deviation, paradoxical movement, subcutaneous emphysema, JVD

37
Q

What is the general medical care for chest trauma?

A
  1. Maintain an open airway
  2. Maintain adequate oxygen
  3. Reevaluate breathing status
  4. Stabilize impaled object in place.
  5. Completely immobilize patient spinal injury is suspected
38
Q

Emergency medical care-open chest wound steps?

A
  1. Immediately seal wound with your gloved hand
  2. Apply occlusive dressing to seal the wound.
  3. Continually assess the patient’s respiratory status
39
Q

What is the most popular occlusive dressing?

A

Ashermens chest seal.

40
Q

Treatment of a flail segment.

A

Focus on providing positive pressures ventilations

don’t splint.

Apply CPAP if
Bvm is not working.

Reassess your treatment to see if it’s effective

EMS (6 decks)

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