Chest Trauma

Question 1

What are the 2 major types of chest trauma?

Answer 1

blunt and penetrating

Question 2

name the life threatening injuries r/t chest trauma

Answer 2

hypoxemia
hypovolemia
cardiac failure

Question 3

def blunt trauma

Answer 3

force impaction onto chest

Question 4

def flail chest trauma

Answer 4

multiple fractures in more than 1 place with floating ribs and jagged edges

Question 5

def pulmonary contusion

Answer 5

bruise trauma that causes enough injury significan enough to affect oxygenation

Question 6

what is the least kind of blunt chest trauma?

Answer 6

flail chest trauma

Question 7

what is the rarest form of chest trauma?

Answer 7

flail chest trauma

Question 8

name the different kinds of penetrating chest traumas

Answer 8

gunshots/stab wounds
pneumothorax
cardiac tamponade
subcutaneous emphysema

Question 9

what is pneumothorax

Answer 9

loss of negative pressure that results in lung collapse

Question 10

what is cardiac tamponade

Answer 10

blood in the pericardial sac that constricts the heart from pumping and soffocates it

Question 11

does a cardiac tamponade occur slowly or quickly

Answer 11

can occur slowly but most often occurs quickly

Question 12

when does a cardiac tamponade occur

Answer 12

usually after cardiac surgery

Question 13

what is subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 13

when the subcutaeous layer is filled with trapped air

Question 14

upon inspection, what will subcu emphysema look like

Answer 14

imflammation and swelling, red at the source of infection

Question 15

what intervention will be done for subcu emphys?

Answer 15

sometimes we put another chest tube in, but sometimes we leave it alone bc the body will absorb the extra air

Question 16

assessment of chest trauma

Answer 16

time
mechanism of injury
responsiveness
specific injuries
estimated blood loss
recent alcohol use
pre-hospital tx
diagnostics

Question 17

when oxygenation is compromised, which system is the first to respond?

Answer 17

respiratory system

Question 18

how soon does the respiratory system take to start kicking in to fix the acid base disturbance?

Answer 18

immediately

Question 19

chest trauma mgmt

Answer 19

****airway***
need for O2
reestablish fluid vol
reestablish negative pressure (chest tube)
drainage of intrapleural fluid/blood

Question 20

def hemothorax

Answer 20

accumulation of blood in the pleural space

Question 21

def tension pneumothorax

Answer 21

air becomes trapped in one lung and causes a mediastinal and tracheal shift to another lung

Question 22

what is the intervention for a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 22

needle decompression in the original lung

Question 23

what is the intervention for hemothorax

Answer 23

blood must be drained via chest tube

Question 24

how will you notice a flail chest trauma?

Answer 24

broken ribs will move assymmetrically to normal breathing pattern

Question 25

normal pH range

Answer 25

7.35-7.45

Question 26

normal O2 level (PO2)

Answer 26

80- infinity- >100 = hyperoxygenated

Question 27

normal PCO2 level

Answer 27

35-45

Question 28

normal HCO3 (Bicarb)

Answer 28

22-26

Question 29

SaO2

Answer 29

94-100

Question 30

what is the oxyhemoglobin curve

Answer 30

the rship bx SaO2 and PO2

Question 31

ABG’s help determine what?

Answer 31

if your interventions are working

Question 32

why might a patients PO2 be above 100?

Answer 32

-this pt might be getting supplemental oxygen

Question 33

what should you do if a pt has a PO2 of above 100 and why?

Answer 33

decrease the oxygen!

- they are at risk for oxygen toxycity!!!

Question 34

will you see a PO2 above 100 in a pt that is not vented?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

PCO2 range is > 45, a pt is considered to be ….

Answer 35

acidotic