Chest Trauma Flashcards
1
Q
Pulmonary Contusion - Pathophysiology
A
- Lung injury due to blunt trauma
- Rapid deceleration
-
Resp failure
> immediate or over-time -
Affects gas exchange
> blood & edema between & around alveoli
2
Q
Pulmonary Contusion - CMs
A
- Crackles
- Wheezes
- Cough
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Dullness to percussion
3
Q
Pulmonary Contusion - Diagnosis
A
-
Early: CXR negative
> if bleeding hasn’t happened yet; cxr will be black - Late: CXR hazy opacity over affected area
4
Q
Pulmonary Contusion - Nursing Implications
A
- Maintain airway & breathing
- Maintain IV fluids
- Moderate-Fowler’s position
- BiPAP or PEEP
5
Q
Pulmonary Contusion - Nursing Diagnosis
A
- Impaired gas exchange
- Outcome:
> Condition can lead to acute resp distress syndrome (ARDS)
6
Q
Rib Fracture - Pathophysiology
A
- Common: direct blunt trauma to chest
- Bone ends are driven into chest
- Risk for pulm contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax
- Pain causes pt to splint which causes dcrd lung vol
- Deep injury equals poor prognosis
7
Q
Rib Fracture - Nursing Implications
A
- Assist w/ gas exchnage
- Treat pain, but avoid meds tht suppress the resp drive
- Assess for pneumothorax, tracheal movement, hemothorax, resp failure
8
Q
Rib Fracture - Nursing Diagnosis
A
- Impaired gas exchange
- Pain
9
Q
Flail Chest - Pathophysiology
A
- Neighboring rib fractures causing paradoxical chest wall movement
- More than 1 fraction on same rib
- Common: blunt chest trauma
- Look for other injuries bc flail chest requires a great deal of force
- Common after ACLS (CPR)
10
Q
Flail Chest - CMs
A
- Paradoxical chest movements
- Dyspnea
- Cyanosis
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- SOA
- Anxiety
- Pain
11
Q
Flail Chest - Nursing Interventions
A
- Pain management
- Oxygen
-
Lung expansion
> deep breathing
> positioning - Resp assessment
- Mechanical ventilation - PEEP
- ABGs
- Surgery only in extreme cases
12
Q
Flail Chest - Nursing Diagnosis
A
- Impaired gas exchange
- Pain
- Impaired communication
