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Visceral Anatomy > Chest & Superficial Thorax > Flashcards

Chest & Superficial Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral region anterior to?

A

Thoracic cage

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2
Q

Pectoral region anchor points

A
  • Upper limb
  • Thorax
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3
Q

Main compartments of the pectoral region

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
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4
Q

Superficial pectoral region contents

A
  • Skin
  • Fascia
  • Breasts
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5
Q

Deep pectoral region contents

A

Muscles

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6
Q

Fibrous connective tissue located under the skin

A

Fascia

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7
Q

Fascia functions

A
  • Binds structures
  • Separates structures (allows independent movements)
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8
Q

Types of fascia

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Visceral
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9
Q

This type of fascia surrounds and separates muscles

A

Deep fascia

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10
Q

This type of fascia surrounds organs

A

Visceral fascia

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11
Q

This type of fascia is loose CT

A

Superficial

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12
Q

Superficial pectoral region contents

A

Fat cells

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13
Q

Superficial fascia of pectoral region characteristics

A
  • Loose (like your mom)
  • Contains fat cells
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14
Q

Deep fascia of the pectoral region characteristics

A
  • Smooth membrane
  • Encapsulating the muscle
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15
Q

Mammary glands location

A

Anterior to pectoralis major

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16
Q

Retro-mammary space location

A

Between breast and deep fascia of pectoralis major

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17
Q

Retro-mammary space function

A

Allows for movement of the breast (giggity)

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18
Q

The retro-mammary space is the site for this type of surgery

A

Breast augmentation

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19
Q

Contents of the breasts

A
  • Mammary glands
  • Skin
    -Associated fascia
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20
Q

Mammary glands are a modified version of this gland

A

Sweat gland (lactiferous)

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21
Q

The breasts are comprised of lobules. Into where do the converge?

A

15-20 ducts

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22
Q

Into where do each breast duct opens?

A

The nipple

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23
Q

To what does CT (suspensory ligaments) surrounding the lobes extend and become continuous?

A

The dermis

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24
Q

Things to look for during a breast self-exam

A
  • Changes in skin texture
  • Retraction/indentation of nipple
  • Discharge from the nipple
  • Atypical fullness/puckering
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25
Q

Breast blood supply

A
  • Internal mammary
  • Intercostal arteries
  • Pectoral branches/thoracoacromial trunk
  • Lateral thoracic
26
Q

From where does the internal mammary artery arise?

A

Internal thoracic artery

27
Q

From where do the anterior intercostal arteries branch?

A

Intercostal thoracic artery

28
Q

From where do pectoral branches arise?

A

Thoracoacromial trunk

29
Q

Initially, what does venous drainage generally mirror?

A

Arterial supply

30
Q

What does the axillary vein lead to?

A

Subclavian vein (brachiocephalic to heart)

31
Q

Posterior intercostal veins lead to where?

A

Azygos system of veins in the thoracic cavity

32
Q

Where do the posterior intercostals drain into that are conduits for the spread of carcinomas?

A

Vertebral plexus

33
Q

Into what do the 2nd-6th intercostal nerves branch?

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branches
  • Anterior cutaneous branches
34
Q

To where does 3/4ths of lymphatic drainage go?

A

Axillary nodes

35
Q

To where does lymphatic drainage go if not to the axillary nodes?

A

Thorax to internal thoracic lymph nodes

36
Q

Group of bones and muscles that connect the upper extremity to the thorax

A

Pectoral girdle

37
Q

Bones of the pectoral girdle

A
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
38
Q

To what does the flattened end of the clavicle articulate?

A

Acromion process of the scapula

39
Q

To what does the rounded end of the clavicle attach?

A

Manubrium of the sternum

40
Q

Scapular borders

A
  • Medial
  • Lateral
  • Superior
41
Q

Scapular angles

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Lateral
42
Q

Scapular processes

A
  • Spine
  • Acromion
  • Coracoid
43
Q

Scapular fossa

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
44
Q

To where does the neck and head of the lateral angle of the scapula terminate?

A

Glenoid cavity

45
Q

What is the purpose of the notch of the scapular superior border?

A

Passage of suprascapular nerve and artery

46
Q

Pectoralis Major insertion (distal)

A

Lateral lip/Intertubercular groove/Humerus

47
Q

Pectoralis Major origin (proximal)

A
  • Medial half of clavicle
  • Lateral border of sternum
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 1-6(7)
  • External oblique
48
Q

Pectoralis Major actions (function)

A
  • Medial rotation of humerus
  • Adduction of humerus
  • Flexes GH joint
  • Accessory muscle of respiration
49
Q

Pectoralis Major innervation

A
  • Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
  • C5-T1 from brachial plexus
50
Q

Pectoralis Minor insertion (distal)

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

51
Q

Pectoralis Minor origin (proximal)

A

Anterior ribs 3-5

52
Q

Pectoralis Minor insertion (distal)

A

Coracoid process/scapula

53
Q

Pectoralis Minor origin (proximal)

A

Anterior ribs 3-5

54
Q

Pectoralis Minor function

A
  • Pulls scapula forward
  • Accessory muscle of respiration
55
Q

Pectoralis Minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral n.

56
Q

Serratus Anterior origin (proximal)

A

Lateral surface of ribs 1-8

57
Q

Serratus Anterior insertion (distal)

A

Vertebral edge of subscapular fossa

58
Q

Serratus Anterior function

A

Protracts the scapula

59
Q

Serratus Anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

60
Q

Subclavius origin (proximal)

A

Rib 1 (costal cartilage)

61
Q

Subclavius insertion (distal)

A

Middle 3rd of clavicle

62
Q

Subclavius function

A

Depresses (anchors clavicle)

Visceral Anatomy (8 decks)

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