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Chest > Chest Mneumonics > Flashcards

Chest Mneumonics Flashcards

1
Q

Reverse Bat-wing” Infi ltrates

A 
REDS
Resolving pulmonary edema
Eosinophilic pneumonia
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
Sarcoidosis
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2
Q

Middle Mediastinal Mass

A

HABIT5

Hernia, Hematoma
Aneurysm
Bronchogenic cyst / duplication cyst
Inflammation (sarcoidosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, primary TB in children)
Tumors - remember the 5 L’s: Lung; especially oat cell carcinoma; Lymphoma; Leukemia; Leiomyoma; Lymph node hyperplasia

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3
Q

Congenital Cardiomyopathy

A

CAVE GI

Cystic medial necrosis of coronary arteries
Aberrant left coronary artery / Absent coronary a.
Viral myocarditis
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Glycogen storage disease (Pompe)
Infant of diabetic mother / Ischemia

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4
Q

Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease with Increased Lung Volume

A

ELECT

Emphysema with interstitial lung disease
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans) in 33%
Cystic fibrosis
Tuberous sclerosis
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5
Q

Chronic Alveolar Infi ltrate

A 
STALLAG
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis
Alveolar cell carcinoma
Lymphoma
Lipoid pneumonia
Alveolar proteinosis
Goodpasture syndrome
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6
Q

Calcifying Lung Metastases

A

BOTTOM

  • Breast
  • Osteo- / chondrosarcoma
  • Thyroid (papillary)Testicular
  • Ovarian
  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma
  • (colon)+ others: synovial sarcoma, giant cell tumor of bone, lung metastases following radiation / chemotherapy
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7
Q

SHUNT AT ATRIAL LEVEL

A

PET

  1. Pulmonary stenosis / atresia with intact ventricular septum
  2. Ebstein malformation + Uhl anomaly
  3. Tricuspid atresia (ASD in 100%)
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8
Q

Hyperinflation in Child

A

BUMP FAD
Bronchiectasis / Bronchiolitis (viral) /Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Upper airway obstruction (vascular ring, laryngitis)
Mucoviscidosis (cystic fi brosis)
Pneumonia (esp. staph)
Foreign body inhalation / ingestion
Asthma (reactive airway disease)Dehydration (diarrhea, acidosis)

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9
Q

Perihilar “Bat-wing” Infi ltrates

A 
Please, Please, Please, Study Light, Don’t Get All Uptight
Pulmonary edema
Proteinosis
Periarteritis
Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Drugs
Goodpasture syndrome
Alveolar cell carcinoma
Uremia
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10
Q

Large Pulmonary Mass

A

CAT PIES

Carcinoma (large cell, squamous cell, cannon ball metastasis
Abscess
Toruloma (Cryptococcus)
Pseudotumor, Plasmacytoma
Inflammatory
Echinococcal disease
Sarcoma, Sequestration
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11
Q

Diffuse Airspace Disease

A 
AIRSPACED 
Aspiration
Inhalation, Inflammatory
Renal (uremia)
Sarcoidosis
Proteinosis (alveolar)
Alveolar cell carcinoma
Congestive (CHF)
Emboli
Drug reaction, Drowning
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12
Q

BRONCHIAL ADENOMA

A

CAMP

  • Carcinoid 90%
  • Adenoid cystic carcinoma = Cylindroma 6%
  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 3%
  • Pleomorphic carcinoma 1%
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13
Q

Diffuse Infiltrates in Immunocompromised Cancer Patient

A 
FOLD
Failure (CHF)
Opportunistic infection
Lymphangitic tumor spread
Drug reaction
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14
Q

LYMPHANGITIC CARCINOMATOSIS

A

Certain Cancers Spread By Plugging The

  • Lymphatics
  • Cervix
  • Colon
  • Stomach
  • Breast
  • Pancreas
  • Thyroid
  • Larynx
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15
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

CUM TAPPIT RV

Collagen vascular disease
Uremia
Metastasis
Trauma
Acute myocardial infarction
Purulent infection
Post MI syndrome
Idiopathic
Tuberculosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Virus
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16
Q

BILATERAL HILAR ADENOPATHY

A

Please Helen Lick My Popsicle Stick

  • Primary TB
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Lymphoma
  • Metastases
  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Sarcoidosis
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17
Q

Small pulmonary nodule

A

MALTS

Mets
Alveolar cell
Lymphoma, leukemia
TB
Sarcoid
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18
Q

Opacification of Hemithorax

A

FAT CHANCE

Fibrothorax
Adenomatoid malformation
Trauma (ie, hematoma)
Collapse, Cardiomegaly
Hernia
Agenesis of lung
Neoplasm (ie, mesothelioma)
Consolidation
Effusion
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19
Q

Shaggy Pulmonary Nodule

A

Shaggy Sue Made Loving A Really Wild Fantasy Today
Sarcoidosis, alveolar typeSeptic emboliMetastasisLymphoma, Lung primary, Lymphomatoid granulomatosisAlveolar cell carcinomaRheumatoid lungWegener granulomatosisFungusTuberculosis

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20
Q

Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow with Cyanosis

A

5 T’s + CAD

Transposition of great vessels = complete TGV ± VSD◊ Most common cause for cyanosis in neonate

Tricuspid atresia with or without transposition + VSD◊ 2nd most common cause for cyanosis in neonate

Truncus arteriosus

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) above diaphragm:

(a) supracardiac
(b) cardiac (coronary sinus / right atrium)

“Tingle” = single ventricle

Common atrium

Aortic atresia

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV type I ) / Taussig-Bing anomaly (DORV type II)

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21
Q

Acute Diffuse Fine Reticulations

A

HELP

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Edema
  • Lymphoproliferative
  • Pneumonitis (viral)
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22
Q

Cystlike Pulmonary Lesions

A 
C.C. I BAN WHIPS
-Coccidioidomycosis
-Cystic adenomatoid malformation
-Infection
-Bronchogenic cyst, Bronchiectasis, Bowel
-Abscess
-Neoplasms
-Wegener granulomatosis
-Hydatid cyst, Histiocytosis X
-infarction
-pneumatocoele
-sequestration
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23
Q

Pneumothorax causes

A

THE CHEST SET

  • Trauma
  • Honeycomb lung, Hamman-Rich syndrome
  • Emphysema, Esophageal rupture
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Hyaline membrane disease
  • Endometriosis
  • Spontaneous, Scleroderma
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • Sarcoma (osteo-), Sarcoidosis
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Tuberculosis + fungus
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24
Q

Congestive Heart Failure & Cardiomegaly

A

Ma McCae & Co.

Myocardial infarction
anemia
Malformation
cardiomyopathy
Coronary artery disease
aortic insufficiency
effusion
Coarctatio
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25
Q

Honeycomb Lung

A

SHIPS BOATS

  • Sarcoidosis
  • Histiocytosis X
  • Idiopathic (UIP)Pneumoconiosis
  • Scleroderma
  • Bleomycin, Busulfan
  • Oxygen toxicity
  • Arthritis (rheumatoid), Amyloidosis, Allergic alveolitis
  • Tuberous sclerosis, TB
  • Storage disease (Gaucher)
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26
Q

Anatomy of Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

A

Diagonals from LAD

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27
Q

Congenital Cardiomyopathy

A

CAVE GI

Cystic medial necrosis of coronary arteries
Aberrant left coronary artery / Absent coronary a.
Viral myocarditis
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Glycogen storage disease (Pompe)
Infant of diabetic mother / Ischemia

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28
Q

Normal Pulmonary Vascularity & Normal-sized Heart

A

MAN
Myocardial ischemia
Afterload (= pressure overload problems)Normal

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29
Q

Chronic Infi ltrates in Childhood

A 
ABC’S
Asthma, 
Agammaglobulinemia, Aspiration
Bronchiectasis Cystic 
fibrosis
Sequestration, intralobar
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30
Q

ALVEOLAR ( CONSOLIDATIVE) PATTERN

A

A2BC3
√ Acinar rosettes: rounded poorly defi ned nodules in size of acini (6–10 mm), best seen at periphery of opacity
√ Air alveologram / bronchogram
√ Butterfly / bat-wing distribution: perihilar / bibasilar
√ Coalescent / confl uent cloudlike ill-defi ned opacities
√ Consolidation in diffuse, perihilar / bibasilar, segmental / lobar, multifocal / lobular distribution
√ Changes occur rapidly (labile / fl eeting)

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31
Q

Multiple Pleural Densities

A

Mary Tyler Moore Likes Lemon

Metastases (especially adenocarcinoma)Thymoma (malignant)
Malignant mesothelioma
Loculated pleural effusion
Lymphoma

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32
Q

UPPER LUNG DISEASE

A

SHIRT CAP

  • Sarcoidosis
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Idiopathic
  • Radiation therapy
  • Tuberculosis (postprimary)
  • Chronic extrinsic alveolitis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Progressive massive fibrosis
33
Q

Posterior Mediastinal Mass

A

BELLMAN

  • Bochdalek hernia
  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Lymphangioma
  • Meningocele (lateral)
  • Aneurysm
  • Neurogenic tumor
34
Q

METASTASIS TO LUNG

Pulmonary metastases occur in 30% of all malignancies; mostly hematogenous

A

CHEST

  • Choriocarcinoma . . . . . .60%
  • Hypernephroma / Wilms tumor . … 20%Ewing sarcoma . . . . . . . . . . . .18%Sarcom (rhabdomyoosteosarcoma) . . 15%Testicular tumor . . . . . . . . . 12%
35
Q

GYNECOMASTIA

A 
CODES
Cirrhosis
Obesity
Digitalis
Estrogen
Spironolactone
36
Q

Chronic Diffuse Fine Reticulations

A

LIFE lines

  • Lymphangitic spread
  • Infl ammation / infection
  • Fibrosis
  • Edema
37
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

TICCS BEV

Thoracic deformity
Idiopathic: primary pulmonary hypertension (1%)
Chronic pulmonary embolism
COPD
Shunt (ASD, VSD, etc)
Bronchiectasis
Emphysema
Vasculitis
38
Q

Bronchial Obstruction

A 
MEATFACE
Mucus plug
Endobronchial granulomatous disease
Adenoma
Tuberculosis
Foreign body
Amyloid, Atresia (bronchial)
Cancer (primary)
Endobronchial metastasis
39
Q

Order of lower lobe bronchi in frontal projection from lateral to medial:

A 
ALPM
ant
lat
pos
med
40
Q

Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease with Increased Lung Volume

A

ELECT

Emphysema with interstitial lung disease
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Eosinophilic granuloma (Langerhans) in 33%
Cystic fibrosis
Tuberous sclerosis
41
Q

Honeycomb Lung

A

SHIPS BOATS

  • Sarcoidosis
  • Histiocytosis X
  • Idiopathic (UIP)Pneumoconiosis
  • Scleroderma
  • Bleomycin, Busulfan
  • Oxygen toxicity
  • Arthritis (rheumatoid), Amyloidosis, Allergic alveolitis
  • Tuberous sclerosis, TB
  • Storage disease (Gaucher)
42
Q

Discoid Atelectasis

A

EPIC

Embolus
Pneumonia
Inadequate inspiration
Carcinoma, obstructing

43
Q

Solitary Nodule / Mass

A

Big Solitary Pulmonary Masses Commonly Appear Hopeless And Lonely

  • Bronchogenic carcinoma
  • Solitary metastasis, Sequestration
  • Pseudotumor
  • Mesothelioma
  • Cyst (bronchogenic, neurenteric, echinococcal)
  • Adenoma, Arteriovenous malformation
  • Hamartoma, Histoplasmosis
  • Abscess, Actinomycosis
  • Lymphoma
44
Q

Multiple Thin-walled Cavities

A

BITCH

  • Bullae + pneumatoceles
  • Infection (TB, cocci, staph)
  • Tumor (squamous cell carcinoma)
  • Cysts (traumatic, bronchogenic)
  • Hydrocarbon ingestion
45
Q

BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOS HRONIC ALLERGIC

Major Criteria

A

ARTEPICS

Asthma (present in 84–96%)Roentgenographic transient or fi xed pulmonary infi ltrates
Test for A. fumigatus positive: immediate skin reaction
Eosinophilia in blood (8–40%)
Precipitating antibodies to A. fumigatus (70%)
IgE in serum elevated
Central bronchiectasis (late manifestation that proves diagnosis)
Serum-specifi c IgE and IgG A. fumigatus levels elevat

46
Q

Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow with Cyanosis

A

P2 TETT

Pulmonic stenosis with ASD
Pulmonic atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot 701
Ebstein anomaly
Tricuspid atresia with pulmonic stenosis
Transposition of great vessels with pulmonic stenosis
47
Q

Acute Diffuse Fine Reticulations

A

HELP

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Edema
  • Lymphoproliferative
  • Pneumonitis (viral)
48
Q

Pleural calcifi cation

A

TAFT

Tuberculosis
Asbestosis
Fluid (effusion, empyema, hematoma)
Talc

49
Q

Discoid Atelectasis

A 
EPIC
Embolus
Pneumonia
Inadequate inspiration
Carcinoma, obstructing
50
Q

Cavitating Lung Metastases

A

Squamous Cell Metastases Tend to Cavitate

Squamous cell carcinoma, Sarcoma
Colon
Melanoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Cervix, during Chemotherapy treated mets
51
Q

Reticulonodular Lung Disease

A

Please Don’t Eat Stale Tuna Fish Sandwiches Every Morning

  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Drugs
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Fungal disease
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Exanthem (measles, chickenpox
  • Metastases (thyroid)
52
Q

Localized Airspace Disease

A 
4 P’s & TAIL
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary contusion
Pulmonary interstitial edema
Tuberculosis
Alveolar cell carcinoma
Infant
Lymphoma
53
Q

Cavitating Lung Nodule alternative

A

WEIRD HOLES

Wegener’s syndrome
Embolic (pulmonary, septic)
Infection (anaerobes, pneumocystis, TB)
Rheumatoid (necrobiotic nodules)
Developmental cysts (sequestration)
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid
54
Q

Chronic Diffuse Infi ltrative Lung Disease= CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE= GENERALIZED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEAS

A 
HIDE FACTS
-Hamman-Rich,HemosiderosisInfection,
-Irradiation, Idiopathic
-Dust, Drugs
-Eosinophilic granuloma, Edema
-Fungal, Farmer’s lung
-Aspiration (oil), Arthritis (rheumatoid, ankylosing spondylitis)
-Collagen vascular disease
-Tumor, TB, Tuberous sclerosis
Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
55
Q

Multiple Pulmonary Nodules and Masses

A

SLAM DA PIG

Sarcoidosis
Lymphoma
Alveolar proteinosis
Metastases
Drugs
Alveolar cell carcinoma
Pneumonias
Infarcts
Goodpasture syndrome
SHARK eats MERMAID SEAMAN DEVIL injecting DRUGS Al COUGHING ZOMBIE GOOD ANGEL.
56
Q

Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease of Upper Lung Zone

A 
CASSET
Cystic fibrosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Silicosis
Sarcoidosis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Tuberculosis, fungus
57
Q

Large Pulmonary Mass

A 
CAT PIES
Carcinoma (large cell, squamous cell),cannon ball metastasis
Abscess
Toruloma (Cryptococcus)
Pseudotumor, Plasmacytoma
Inflammatory
Echinococcal disease
Sarcoma, Sequestration
58
Q

Diffuse Fine Nodular Disease & Miliary Nodules

√ very small 1–4-mm sharply defi ned nodules of interstitial disease

A

TEMPEST

  • Tuberculosis + fungal disease TB pp 549
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Metastases (thyroid, lymphangitic carcinomatosis)
  • Pneumoconiosis, Parasites
  • Embolism of oily contrast
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Tuberous sclerosis
59
Q

Chronic Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease of Lower Lung Zone

A 
BAD LASS RIF
-Bronchiectasis
-Aspiration
-Dermatomyositis
-Lymphangitic spread
-Asbestosis
-Sarcoidosis
-Scleroderma
-Rheumatoid arthritis
-Idiopathic pulmonary
 fibrosis Furadantin®
60
Q

Pulmonary Infiltrates in Neonate

A 
I HEAR
Infection (pneumonia)
Hemorrhage
Edema
AspirationRespiratory distress syndrome
61
Q

UNILATERAL HILAR ADENOPATHY

A

Fat Hila Suck

Fungus
Hodgkin disease
Squamous / oat cell carcinoma

62
Q

Pulmonary edema

A 
ABCDEFGHI - PRN
Aspiration
Burns
Chemicals
Drugs (heroin, nitrofurantoin, salicylates)
Exudative skin disorders
Fluid overload
Gram-negative shock
Heart failure
Intracranial condition
Polyarteritis nodosa
Renal disease
Near drowning
63
Q

Anterior Mediastinal Mass

A

4 T’s

Thymoma
Teratoma
Thyroid tumor / goiter
Terrible lymphoma

64
Q

Calcified Pulmonary Nodule

A 
Ham TV Station
Histoplasmosis, hamartoma
Amyloid, Alveolar microlithiasis
Mets, Mitral stenosis
TB
Varicella
Silicosis
(central, laminated,popcorn)
65
Q

Macronodular Lung Disease

A

GAMMA WARPS

-Granuloma (eosinophilic granuloma, fungus)
-Abscess
-Metastases
-Multiple myeloma
-AVM
-Wegener granulomatosis
-Amyloidosis
-Rheumatoid lung
-Parasites (Echinococcus, paragonimiasis)
Sarcoidosis

66
Q

Basilar Interstitial Lung Disease

A

BAD LASS RIF

Bronchiectasis
Aspiration
Dermatomyositis
Lymphangitic spread
Asbestosis
Sarcoid
Scleroderma
Rheumatoid
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Furandantoin
67
Q

Chronic Diffuse Fine Reticulations

A

LIFE lines

  • Lymphangitic spread
  • Inflammation / infection
  • Fibrosis
  • Edema
68
Q

Reticulonodular Lung Disease

A

Please Don’t Eat Stale Tuna Fish Sandwiches Every Morning

  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Drugs
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Fungal disease
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Exanthem (measles, chickenpox
  • Metastases (thyroid)
69
Q

Cavitating Lung Nodule

A

CAVITY
Carcinoma (squamous cell), Cystic bronchiectasis
Autoimmune disease (Wegener granulomatosis, rheumatoid lung)
Vascular (bland / septic emboli)
Infection (abscess, fungal disease, TB, Echinococcus)
Trauma
Young = congenital (sequestration, diaphragmatic hernia, bronchogenic cyst)

70
Q

Diffuse Infi ltrates in Immunocompromised Cancer Patien

A 
FOLD
Failure (CHF)
Opportunistic infection
Lymphangitic tumor spread
Drug reaction
71
Q

Reticulonodular Pattern & Lower Lobe Predominance

A

CIA

  • Collagen vascular disease
  • Idiopathic
  • Asbestosis
72
Q

Macronodular Lung Disease

A

GAMMA WARPS

  • Granuloma (eosinophilic granuloma, fungus)
  • Abscess
  • Metastases
  • Multiple myeloma
  • AVM
  • Wegener granulomatosis
  • Amyloidosis
  • Rheumatoid lung
  • Parasites (Echinococcus, paragonimiasis)Sarcoidosis
73
Q

Posterior Mediastinal Mass

A

BELLMAN

Bochdalek hernia
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphangioma
Meningocele (lateral)
Aneurysm
Neurogenic tumor
74
Q

ARDS

A

DICTIONARIES

DIC
Infection
Caught drowning
Trauma
Inhalants,smoke,phosogene,NO2
O2 toxicity
Narcotics and other drugs
Aspiration
Radiation
 Includes pancreatitis
Emboli: amniotic fluid, fat
Shock: septic, hemorrhagic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic

Dick is Coughing so try to Drown it hit by boat Trauma Inhale smoke from accident need O2 and Narcotics Aspirated Radiate my dick start drinking and get Pancreatitis get Emboli and go into all forms of shock

75
Q

Chronic Infiltrates in Childhood

A 
ABC’S
Asthma, Agammaglobulinemia, Aspiration
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Sequestration, intralobar
76
Q

Acute Alveolar Infiltrate

A 
I 2 CHANGE FAST
Infarct
Infection
Contusion
Hemorrhage
Aspiration
Near drowning
Goodpasture syndrome
Edema
Fungus
Allergic sensitivity
Shock lung
Tuberculosis
77
Q

Pleural Thickening

A

TRINI

Trauma (healed hemothorax)
Rheumatoid arthritis (collagen vascular disease)
Inhalation disease (asbestosis, talcosis)Neoplasm
Infection

78
Q

Reticulonodular Pattern & Lower Lobe Predominance

A

CIA

  • Collagen vascular disease
  • Idiopathic
  • Asbestosis

Chest (2 decks)

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