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Medical-surgical > Chest And Lower Respi Tract Disorder > Flashcards

Chest And Lower Respi Tract Disorder Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Type of atelectasis that is not detected in chest xray

A

Macroatelectasis

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1
Q

Reduced alveolar ventilation or type of blockage that impedes the passage of air to & from the alveoli
Prob: closure or collapse alveoli
Cause: trauma & pulmonary embolism

A

ATELECTASIS

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2
Q

Type of atelectasis that is loss of segmental lobar or overall lung volume

A

Microatelectasis

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3
Q

Most common type of atelectasis in post op & immobilize people

A

Acute atelectasis

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4
Q

Rubbing of pleural & parietal space

A

Pleural pain

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5
Q

Most common management for atelectasis

A

Oxygenation

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6
Q

Using simple face mask & one way valve system that provides varying amount if expiratory resistance
-management for atelectasis

A

Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy(PEP)

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7
Q

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent

A

Pneumonia

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8
Q

One of the categories of pneumonia that occurs in community setting

A

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA(CAP)

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9
Q

3 most common causes of CAP

A

Streptococcal pneumonia-upper reapi tract
Mycoplasma pneumonia-children&young adults
Haemophilluz pneumonia-older people& co-morbid illness

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10
Q

2nd category of pneumonia that occurs after 24-48 hours after confinement
-aka NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

A

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA(HAP)

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11
Q

Type of HAP that is for debilitated patient(not moving)

A

Pseudomonal pneumonia

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12
Q

Type of HAP for inhalation of organism

A

Staphylococcal pneumonia

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13
Q

Type of HAP for the entry of substance in the lower airway

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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14
Q

Substantial portion of one or both living(type of HAP)

A

Lobar pneumonia

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15
Q

Distributed in patchy fashion originating in 1 or more localized areas w/in the bronchi extending to adjacent lung parenchyma
-most common type of HAP

A

Bronchopneumonia

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16
Q

Blood stream invasion of microorganism

- diagnostic findings for pneumonia

A

Bacteremia(blood culture)

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17
Q

5 medications for pneumonia

A 
Antobiotics
Antipyretic
Antihistamines
Nasal decongestants
Antitussive
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18
Q

3 complications of pneumonia

A

Shock & respi failure
Atelectasis & pleural effusion
Superinfection- administration of large doses of antibiotics

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19
Q

Infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma
Through airborne transmission
From inhaling droplets

A

Pulmonary tuberculosis(PTb)

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20
Q

Diagnostic findings for PTb that is used to determine if the patient is exposed to the bacillus standard procedure

A

Mantoux test

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21
Q

Interpretation for 5mm wheel formed in duration of mantoux test if PPD( purified protein derivative) is given

A
  • significant in HIV patients
  • close contact w/ active case
  • chest xray results consistent w/ Tb
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22
Q

Class 0 for Tb

A

No exposure no infection

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23
Q

Class 1

A

Expose no evidence of exposure

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24
Q

Class 2

A

Latent infection no disease

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25
Q

Class 3

A

Disease clinically active

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26
Q

Class 4

A

Disease not clinically active

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27
Q

Class 5

A

Suspected disease diagnosis pending

28
Q

Chemotherapeutic antiTb drugs

A

INH, RIF, pyrazinamide, ethambutol & streptomycino

29
Q

Potential complication of PTb

A

Malnutrition

30
Q

May discolor contact lenses & urine ( red orange color)

A

Rifampicin

31
Q

Disorder affecting the pleural space

A

Pleural conditions

32
Q

Inflammation of both layers of the pleura

A

Pleurisy(pleuritis)

33
Q

Severe sharp knifelike pain

Decrease as fluid develops

A

Pleuritic pain

34
Q

Diagnostic findings for pleurisy

A 
Pleural friction pub- using a steth
Chest xray
Sputum exam
Thoracentecis
Pleural biopsy
35
Q

Nursing mgt. for pleurisy

A

Turn pt. frequently w/ the affected side to splint the chest wall
Use hands to splint the rib cage while coughing

36
Q

Collection of fluid in the pleural space

Complication of heart failure, TB, pneumonia and pulmonary infections

A

Pleural effusion

37
Q

Effusion could be:

A

Clear
Bloody
Purulent

38
Q

Normal amt of fluid in the pleural space

A

5-15 ml

39
Q

Pleural membrane is not disease

-Filtrates of plasma that move Across intact capillary wall

A

Transudate

40
Q

Extravassation of fluid into tissue or cavity

- inflammation by bacterial products or tumors involving the pleural space

A

Exudate

41
Q

Confirms the presence of fluid in the pleural space

A

Thoracentesis

42
Q

2 medical mgt for pleural effusion

A

Thoracentesis

Pleurectomy

43
Q

Position of chest tube insertion

A

Sitting or lying down w/ the affected side elevated

2nd intercoastal space to remove air
8th or 9th intercoastal space to drain fluid & flood

44
Q

Abn accumulation of fluid in the lungs or alveolar space

- severe life threatening

A

Pulmonary edema

45
Q

Accumulation of thick purulent fluid in the pleural space often w/ fibrin development & walled off area where infection is located

A

Empyema

46
Q

Medical mgt for empyema if fluid is not too thick or purulent

A

Fluid drained

47
Q

For patient w/ complicated pleural effusion

A

Tube thoracostomy

48
Q

Opening of chest drainage to remove thickened pleura, pus & debris

A

Thoracotomy

49
Q

Postural drainage, percussion and vibration

A

Chest physiotherapy(CPT)

50
Q

Purpose is To remove air or fluid from pleural space

- to establish (-) pressure & reexpand the lungs

A

Closed chest drainage(thoracostomy tube)

51
Q

Bottle serves as drainage bottle & water seal bottle

A

One way bottle system

52
Q

Height of the bottle to allow drainage from the pleura by gravity

A

Atleast 2-3 ft below the level of the chest

53
Q

Never raise the bottle above the level of the chest to prevent

A

Reflux of fluid

54
Q

Assess for patency of the tube

A

Fluctuation of fluid along the tube

Intermittent bubbling of fluid

55
Q

In the absence of fluctuation

A

Obstruction of the device- check for kinks, milk tubing towards the bottle

56
Q

If no obstruction….

A

Consider lung reexpansion

57
Q

1st bottle- drainage
2nd bottle- water seal
-observe for fluctuation of fluid along the tube & intermittent bubbling w/ each respiration

A

2 bottle system

58
Q

1st bottle- drainage
2nd bottle- water seal
3rd bottle- suction

A

Three bottle system

59
Q

Postion of removal of ctt

A

Semi fowler

60
Q

Complications of cct

A

Subcutaneous emphysema & respi disease

61
Q

Sudden & life threatening deterioration of the gas exchange functions of the lungs due to decrease respi drive, dysfunction of chest wall, dysfunction of lung parenchyma

A

Acute respiratory failure

62
Q

Medical mgt for acute respi failure

A

Intubation & oxygenation

63
Q

Due to sudden progressive edem, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest xray & hypoxemia refractory to O2 supplementation & reduced lung compliance

A

Acute respiratory distresa syndrome

Aka ‘ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME’

64
Q

Nutrition for ARDS

A

No oral intake- enteral feeding only!

65
Q

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus that originates somewhere in the venous system or in the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary embolism

66
Q

Phaacologic therapy for pulmonary embolism

A

Anticoagulant

Thrombolytic therapy

67
Q

Surgical mgt for pulmonary embolism

A

Embolectomy

68
Q

Post op nursing care for pulmonary embolism

A

Hemorrhage

Medical-surgical (1 decks)

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