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Chest > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

what paraneoplastic syndrome do patients with thymic carcinoid often present with?

A

cushings

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2
Q

what hereditary syndrome is thymic carcinoid associted with?

A

MEN 1

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3
Q

where does a right sinus of valsalva aneurysm rupture into?

A

RV

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4
Q

what is a satellite nodule?

A

tumor nodule in the same lung as the primary lung ca with the same histology

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5
Q

what does air trapping look like on CT?

A

an area of hyperattenuation

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6
Q

what does hilar and subcarinal LAD look like on a lateral CXR?

A

fillin in of the infrahilar window and LAD surrounds the bronchi resulting in a “donut” sign on lateral

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7
Q

what is the most common manifestation of amiodarone toxicity in the lung

A

organizing pna

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8
Q

what is the dependent viscera sign of diaphragmatic rupture?

A

abdominal organs like v close to the vertebral body and rib cage in the thorax

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9
Q

what is the most common type of VSD?

A

membranous

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10
Q

what is the westermark sign of PE on a CXR?

A

regional oligemia

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11
Q

what is the fleishner sign of PE on a CXR?

A

dilation of central pulmonary arteries

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12
Q

what is the most common location for bronchial atresia?

A

LUL apicoposterior segment

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13
Q

what is the most common CT finding of small cell ca?

A

bulky mediastinal mass/infiltrative mass or mediastinal LAD

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14
Q

what valve abnormality is mitral annular calcification most associated with? how does it appear on CXR?

A

mitral regurg. appear “j” or “c” shaped calcification

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15
Q

what is empyema neccistans? what are the organisms that cause it?

A

empyema that breaks thru the chest wall with assoc osteo of the rib. BATMAN: blasto, actino, TB, mucor, aspergillus, nocardia

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16
Q

what are the two most common organisms to cause bronchiolitis (tree in bus opacities)?

A

mycoplasma and mycobacteria

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17
Q

what are the findings of DIP on CT?

A

hyperattenuating lung (due to pigment laden macropahges) and small cysts

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18
Q

where is the defect in minimal aortic injury

A

intimal injury

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19
Q

what is the diff on CT btw mediastinal hematoma and periaortic hematoma

A

fat plane btw is preserved in mediastinal hematoma, high density surrounds the aorta in periaortic hematoma

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20
Q

what ribs do u NOT see notching within in coarctation? where do u see notching?

A

first and second ribs bc they are supplied by cervicothoracic trunk not internal mammary artery, see notching in 4th thru 8th ribs

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21
Q

at what pressure do u treat aortic coarctation?

A

20 mmHg

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22
Q

what percent of pts with aortic coarc have biscuspid aortic valve

A

40-50%

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23
Q

what is aortic pseudocoarc

A

kinking of the aortic with no significant pressure gradient

24
Q

at what diameter do u intervene in asc aortic aneurysm due to degenerative causes vs heritable aortopathy?

A

5.5 cm, 5 cm

25
Q

how do u decrease pulsation artifact in the mid ascending aorta?

A

use prospective gating

26
Q

what scanning parameter do u change to decrease pulsation artifact in the mid ascending aorta?

A

use prospective gating

27
Q

what scanning parameter do u change to decrease pulsation artifact in the mid ascending aorta?

A

use prospective gating, increase z axis coverage (more rows on CT scanner), increase the pitch

28
Q

what is the most common cause of iatrogenic PA pseudoaneurysm

A

PA catheter placement

29
Q

what is the most common cause of iatrogenic PA pseudoaneurysm? what is the treatment for a PA pseudoaneurysm?

A

PA catheter placement. Rx: coil

30
Q

what is the time frame to classify a chronic PE

A

acute PE more than 3 months

31
Q

what forms the roof of the left main bronchus on the lateral CXR

A

the pulmonary artery

32
Q

what is the next best step in mgmt with malignant course of RCA that is symptomatic?

A

stress test

33
Q

what is more common, anomalous RCA or LCA?

A

RCA by 10:1

34
Q

what are the two most common assoc conditions with subaortic stenosis/membrane?

A

coarc and VSD

35
Q

what is the difference in an image that has misregistration artifact and one that does not? is it easier to edit in prospective or retrospective gating?

A

EKG editing corrects misregistration artifact, easier to edit in retrospective bc u have more beats u can “delete”

36
Q

what is blooming artifact?

A

in CT, dense objects appear larger than they really are

37
Q

what is blooming artifact? how do u correct for it?

A

in CT, dense objects (calcium)appear larger than they really are. cant correct for it

38
Q

what is windmill artifact? how do u know its windmill artifact?

A

it is low attenuation (black “wings”) near a high density object (eg calcium) caused by interpolation process when high density object is oblique to the z axis. you can tell bc u dont see it on all parts of the cardiac cycle.

39
Q

what is a high stick in femoral puncture? what complication does it lead to?

A

high stick is above inguinal ligament and can lead retroperitoneal hematoma: due to to puncture of inferior epigastric or posterior wall of femoral artery

40
Q

what is a low stick in femoral puncture? what complications does it lead to?

A

below femoral head, can lead to AVF or pseudoaneurysm: where arteries are bifurcating and veins lie anterior to the arteries causing a fistula. PA results bc the catheters here are often larger than the arteries causing rupture of the vessel

41
Q

where is the optimal access site for a femoral/groin puncture?

A

at the mid femoral head, halfway btw inguinal ligament and the bifurcation of the superifical and profunda arteries

42
Q

are calcs seen in coal workers or silicosis?

A

silicosis

43
Q

is emphysema seen in silicosis/coal workers or sarcoid?

A

silicosis/coal workers

44
Q

what is the most common IIP seen with RA?

A

UIP

45
Q

what IIP is seen with scleroderma and polymyositis/dermato?

A

NSIP

46
Q

what IIP is seen in Sjogrens?

A

LIP

47
Q

what treatment is organizing pna responsive to?

A

steroids

48
Q

what is fibrothorax?

A

inflammatory pleuritis causing fusion of visceral and parietal pleura, often when there is empyema or hemothorax. see pleural calcs all around the lung and volume loss

49
Q

what is the most common evidence of metastatic disease to the pleura?

A

pleural effusion

50
Q

what are the signs of metastatic pleural disease on CT?

A

thick more than 1 cm, nodular pleural thickening, circumferential thickening, involvement of mediastinal surface

51
Q

what is the most common manifestation of metastatic disease to the pleura?

A

pleural effusion

52
Q

what are the 4 most common cancers to cause lymph carcinomatosis?

A

breast, colon, lung, stomach (adenoca)

53
Q

what is the percent of patients that get CT biopsy or aspiration of the lung?

A

25%

54
Q

what is the percent of patients that get CT biopsy or aspiration of the lung? when do u get CXR after lung biopsy

A

25%. get CXR at 1 and 3 hours.

55
Q

what is the percent of patients that get pnx after CT biopsy or aspiration of the lung? how long do u observe the patient and when do u get CXR after lung biopsy?

A

25%. observe for 3 hours and get CXR at 1 and 3 hours.

Chest (1 decks)

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