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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY > chemsitry > Flashcards

chemsitry Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the functional group do in a compound

A

it is responsible for each compound individuality and the reactivity of the compound

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2
Q

what is unsaturated or saturated molecules

A

the saturated molecules mean each bonds are attach a atom. however unsaturated mean some bonds are not attached to other atoms(alkenes).

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3
Q

how do the molecules have a greater melting point/boiling point

A

as the carbon chain gets longer the intermolecular attractive force in between the molecules increase. this is why more heat is required and the melting and the boiling point increases.

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4
Q

what is the polarity of the substance

A

the polarity is the mixability of two molecules/compounds.

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5
Q

the trend of solubility with the length of the compound/ molecules

A

as the carbon chain lengthen/gets longer, the solubility usually decrease.

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6
Q

addition reactions

A

an addition of atom into a compound(alkenes…)

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7
Q

structural isomer

A

molecules with different arrangement of atom but have the same molecular formula.

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8
Q

geometric isomer

A

have a double bond with same numbers of atom on the each side of the bond. there is no rotation in the bond therefore is a fixed position of the atom in the bond

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9
Q

reagent required (alkene + hydrogen ->alkane)

A

the reagent in this reaction is catalyst (possible catalyst nickel platinum)

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10
Q

reagent required for alkene + halogen —> haloalkane

A

no reagent

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11
Q

reagent required for alkene + hydrogen halide —-> haloalkane + h20

A

there is no reagent

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12
Q

reagent
alkene –> alcohol

A

the reagent is h20/H+ (or diluted acid,heat)

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13
Q

substitution reaction

A

where the atom in the compound is substituted with another atom or group

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14
Q

the reagent for
alkane —-> haloalkane

A

it requries halogen and some kind of heat (possibly UV light)

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15
Q

the reagent for
haloalkane —> alcohol

A

needs KOH(aq) and heat

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16
Q

the reagent for
alcohol —-> haloalkane

A

PCl5 PCL3 SOCL2

17
Q

the reagent for
haloalkane —-> amine

A

NH3(alc)

18
Q

elimination reaction

A

where a reaction removes a atom or a group to form an alkenes

19
Q

reagent for
haloalkane —> alkene

A

KOH(alc), heat

20
Q

reagent for
alcohol —-> alkene

A

H2SO4(conc), heat

21
Q

oxidation reaction

A

the removal of hydrogen or the addition of oxygen atom

22
Q

reagent for
alcohol —> -diol

A

MnO4- (aq)

23
Q

reagent for
alcohol—-> carboxllyic acid

A

H+/MnO4- (aq), heat,or H+/CrO7-

24
Q

markovnikov rule (rich gets richer)

A

condition it must be a asymmetrical isomer . the rule states that carbon rich in hydgron gains h and the other gains the halogen from hydrogen halide. this is the major product. the minor is the opposite

25
Q

polymerisation

A

involve alkene linking with other alkene

26
Q

monomer

A

is a simple molecule unit that link other molecules

27
Q

bromine test

A

this reaction is to test if the compound has a double bond. double bond compound will rapidly have an reaction compared a C-C bond (possible reagent Br2 and UV light)

28
Q

blue litmus paper

A

turn reds when solution is acidic
stays blue when the solution is basic

29
Q

red litmus

A

stays reds when solution is acidic
turns blue when the solution is basic

30
Q

why is carboxylic acid acidic?

A
  1. ethanoic acid are polar therefore soluble with water.
  2. water molecule oxygen atom is attracted to the acid h atom in the compound.
  3. the water gains the H atom from the compound to be hydronium which is postive leaving the compound negative.
31
Q

when is the acid acidic

A

acid is a donor of protons

32
Q

when is base basic

A

base is the acceptor of protons

33
Q

carboxylic acid weak?

A

this is because only a few ethanoic acid molecules will dissociated into ch3coo- and H+

34
Q

carboxylic with carbonate

A

produces mineral acid, carbon dioxide and H20

35
Q

carboxylic acid with metal

A

metal salt + hydrogen gas

36
Q

alkene/monomer —-> unit for polymer

A

the reagents are heat and catalyst.

37
Q

symmertical isomer

A

have a bond in the centre of the compound and the same groups of atom on each side

38
Q

m

A

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1 decks)

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